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FGIA General > Group 5.2 - Window and Door Installation: Sealants. > Flashcards

Group 5.2 - Window and Door Installation: Sealants. Flashcards

1
Q

Sealants used in the factory are listed in what standard?

A

AAMA 800

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2
Q

Most sealants used in the field for installation also listed in AAMA 800. What sealant types are included?

A

Exterior Perimeter Sealing Compound

Non-Drying Sealant

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3
Q

In addition to those listed in AAMA 800, additional sealants used in installation are found in what other standard, and what kind of sealants are referenced?

A

AAMA 812

Foaming Sealants

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4
Q

List some factors that need to be considered in sealant selection:

A

Joint movement

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5
Q

Characteristics that

A
  • Adhesion and Cohesion
  • Hardness and Elasticity
  • Elastic Recovery
  • Permanent Set
  • Compression Set
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6
Q

What are the two joint configuration types?

A 
Working (moving)
Non Working (fixed)
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7
Q

Working joints are classified as either:

2

A

Butt or
Lap joints
(or a combination of the two)

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8
Q

Sealant joint must maintain is sealing characteristics despite movement due to these causes:
(4)

A

thermal differentials
wind load,
settling of the structure,
seismic activity

or other sources.

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9
Q

How is joint movement expressed (numerically)?

A

In fractions of an inch.

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10
Q

AAMA recommends what design factor with regard to joint movement? What does this mean?

A

4:1

The joint should be sized at 4-times the amount of movement expected.

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11
Q

This primary source of joint movement depends heavily on the materials involved.

A

Thermal expansion and contraction.

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12
Q

This material attribute relates to the amount of thermal expansion to be expected from that material?

A

Coefficient of Linear Expansion

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13
Q

Sealants are assigned into classes, based on their ability to handle extension or compression per this standard:

A

ASTM C920

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14
Q

Sealant classes assigned per ASTM C920 are based on:

c. the weathering characteristics of the s

A

The amount of movement (+ or -) that the sealant can accommodate

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15
Q

Sealant classes per ASTM C920 include:

A 
\+/- 12.5%
\+/-25%
\+/-35%
\+/-50%
\+/-75%
\+100% - 50%
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16
Q

Applications where flashings or fins are bedded in sealants are what type of joint?

A

Lap joints (low movement).

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17
Q

To achieve good adhesion, a _____ is often required to be applied to the substrate.

A

Primer

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18
Q

Peel adhesion test method for adhesion between glass and metal is defined by what standard?

A

ASTM C1135

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19
Q

Indications of sealant incompatibility include:

CATS BEC
Think about what can be seen, touched and tested.

A

COLOR changes
ADHESION loss
increased TACKINESS
SOFTENING

Bleeding
Embrittlement
lack of CURE

20
Q

What standard spells out required performance parameters for installation sealants?

AAMA 800
AAMA 812
ASTM C1248
AAMA 701

A

AAMA 800

21
Q

How many types of laboratory tests are included in ASTM C1248 test for porous substrate staining?

A

Four

22
Q

This standard covers four types of laboratory procedures to test for staining of porous substrates by sealants:

ASTM C920
AAMA 800
AAMA 812
ASTM C1248

A

ASTM C1248

23
Q

What AAMA standard covers pumpable or gunnable compounds that remain ductile or elastic, and permit moderate movement without loosing adhesion?

AAMA 800
AAMA 812
AAMA 808.3
AAMA 701

A

AAMA 808..3

24
Q

AAMA 808.3 includes __(qty) performance parameters and testing methods to verify sealants’ performance by those parameters.

2
8
12
20

A

Eight

25
Q

There are 8 primary sealant performance characteristics evaluated by AAMA 808.3. List four:

(Think about visible and performance testing parameters and practical concerns)

A

Visual - no cracks after heat and UV.
Hardness Shore A 55 or less
Peel adhesion at 5lbs / inch of width
Slump < 1/10 in 5 minutes
Vehicle migration - No VM after 14 days at 180
Low temp flexibility - no cracking at 7 degrees
Staining: No Discoloration of conc. or wood (140 deg & water immersion)
Water resistance - no voids after 14 days immersed at 180 F.

26
Q

This standard covers gunnable compounds for sealing buck frames and thresholds which remain tacky throughout the service life.

A

AAMA 809.2

27
Q

Performance parameters for non-drying sealants per AAMA 809.2 (AAMA 800, section 5) include which four of the following?

Visual Screening
Peel Adhesion Test
Flex - Low Temp flexibility
Staining on wood and concrete
Water resistance
Slump
Shore 'A' hardness
Elongation

(Similar to 808.3, minus 4 - VFWS)

A

Visual Screening
Flex - Low Temp flexibility
Water resistance
Slump

28
Q

Aerosol foam sealants should be carefully selected to avoid this concern specific to this sealant type:

A

over-swelling of the foam and deformation of the window or door frame.

29
Q

This AAMA standard addresses specific installation and material concerns for aerosol foam sealants.

A

AAMA 812

30
Q

The two key material attributes that contribute to deflection of fenestration products as identified in AAMA 812 are:

Expansion ratio and pressure build
Cellular structure and dimensional stability
Expansion ratio and cellular structure
Pressure Build and Dimensional Stability

A

Pressure Build

Dimensional Stability

31
Q

What does pressure build measure?

A

Maximum pressure over time that the foam can exert.

32
Q

The criteria for evaluating dimensional stability of aerosol foam sealants, included in AAMA 812 references an industry standard maximum of __ % variation in thickness after initial cure. The test requires conditioning three cured samples at temperatures of ___, __, and __ respectively.

Measurements of foam expansion on each sample are taken after ___day and ___days in conditioning chambers.

(Temps are C or F equivalents)

A 
No more than 10% variation
After heating at 
104 F _  40 C
86 F  _  30 C
-4 F   _  -20 C

at 7 and 14 day intervals

33
Q

What are the criteria that the installer must consider in selecting and applying sealant?

(MACPP)

A 
joint MOVEMENT (anticipated amount and sealant capacity)
Adhesion
Compatibility 
Primers
Preparation.
34
Q

Joint backing provides 4 primary advantages for sealant installation and performance.

  1. Controlling the ___ of the sealant.
  2. Developing a ____ bead shape
  3. Support for sealant _____.
  4. Acts as a ____ ______.
A

Control depth/width
Develop concave bead shape
Support Tooling
Serve as bond breaker

35
Q

If a closed-cell backer rod is used behind a sealant installation, care should be taken to avoid____.

Why?

A

Punctures.

Escaping gas can cause blisters in the sealant.

36
Q

Backer rod should be __% larger than the joint width.

A

25%

37
Q

Sealant should bond ___ to the backer rod.
Moderately
Tenaciously
Very little / Not at all

A

Not at all.

38
Q

Where the joint assembly include a tongue or back-plate behind the joint, without enough depth for backer rod, add___ behind the sealant prior to installation.

A

Bond-breaker tape

39
Q

A butt joint sealed at the ____ end of the actual service temperature will always be in tension.

A

Coldest, lowest

40
Q

Sealant should be installed when the temperature of the assmebly is at it’s
Coldest
Hottest
middle range.

A

Middle.

41
Q

For most applications, a ____ shaped sealant bead should be installed
Triangular
Hourglass
Pretzle

A

Hourglass

If you said pretzle, your fired, or hungry or both.

42
Q

A sealant joint should be ___ times as wide as it is deep.

A

Two times.

Width should be twice the depth but depth should not be less than 1/4” in most cases.

43
Q

5.2 Quiz
1. Which of the following is not addressed in AAMA 800?
Exterior perimeter sealing compound
non-drying sealant
foaming sealant
pumpable or gunnable compounds

A

foaming sealant

44
Q

5.2 Quiz
2. Which of the following is not addressed in AAMA 812?
Pressure build
Dimensional Stability
Non-Drying sealant
Foaming sealant

A

Non-drying sealant

45
Q

5.2 Quiz
3. A bond breaker:
prevents three-sided adhesion
permits damaged sealant to be easily removed
permits cohesive failure only
eliminates the need for backer rod

A

prevents three-sided adhesion

46
Q

5.2 Quiz
4. Mfr. instructions should always be followed; but generally, backer rod should be selected _____width of the joint to be sealed.
slightly smaller than
equal to
10% larger than
25% larger than

A

25% larger than….

47
Q
  1. 2 Quiz
  2. Because sealed joints experience movement due to thermal expansion and contraction, joints sealed at a very low temp will ____ when the temp rises.

Stretch the sealant
compress the sealant
tend to shear the sealant
fail

A

Compress the sealant.

This is a bit tricky, if you picture things expanding as the assembly heats it’s easy to initially imagine this will expand the joint. It won’t - the expansion to both sides will compress the joint.

Read the questions carefully.

FGIA General (33 decks)

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