Group 5.2 - Window and Door Installation: Sealants.

Question 1

Sealants used in the factory are listed in what standard?

Answer 1

AAMA 800

Question 2

Most sealants used in the field for installation also listed in AAMA 800. What sealant types are included?

Answer 2

Exterior Perimeter Sealing Compound

Non-Drying Sealant

Question 3

In addition to those listed in AAMA 800, additional sealants used in installation are found in what other standard, and what kind of sealants are referenced?

Answer 3

AAMA 812

Foaming Sealants

Question 4

List some factors that need to be considered in sealant selection:

Answer 4

Joint movement

Question 5

Characteristics that

Answer 5

• Adhesion and Cohesion
• Hardness and Elasticity
• Elastic Recovery
• Permanent Set
• Compression Set

Question 6

What are the two joint configuration types?

Answer 6

Working (moving)
Non Working (fixed)

Question 7

Working joints are classified as either:

2

Answer 7

Butt or
Lap joints
(or a combination of the two)

Question 8

Sealant joint must maintain is sealing characteristics despite movement due to these causes:
(4)

Answer 8

thermal differentials
wind load,
settling of the structure,
seismic activity

or other sources.

Question 9

How is joint movement expressed (numerically)?

Answer 9

In fractions of an inch.

Question 10

AAMA recommends what design factor with regard to joint movement? What does this mean?

Answer 10

4:1

The joint should be sized at 4-times the amount of movement expected.

Question 11

This primary source of joint movement depends heavily on the materials involved.

Answer 11

Thermal expansion and contraction.

Question 12

This material attribute relates to the amount of thermal expansion to be expected from that material?

Answer 12

Coefficient of Linear Expansion

Question 13

Sealants are assigned into classes, based on their ability to handle extension or compression per this standard:

Answer 13

ASTM C920

Question 14

Sealant classes assigned per ASTM C920 are based on:

c. the weathering characteristics of the s

Answer 14

The amount of movement (+ or -) that the sealant can accommodate

Question 15

Sealant classes per ASTM C920 include:

Answer 15

\+/- 12.5%
\+/-25%
\+/-35%
\+/-50%
\+/-75%
\+100% - 50%

Question 16

Applications where flashings or fins are bedded in sealants are what type of joint?

Answer 16

Lap joints (low movement).

Question 17

To achieve good adhesion, a _____ is often required to be applied to the substrate.

Answer 17

Primer

Question 18

Peel adhesion test method for adhesion between glass and metal is defined by what standard?

Answer 18

ASTM C1135

Question 19

Indications of sealant incompatibility include:

CATS BEC
Think about what can be seen, touched and tested.

Answer 19

COLOR changes
ADHESION loss
increased TACKINESS
SOFTENING

Bleeding
Embrittlement
lack of CURE

Question 20

What standard spells out required performance parameters for installation sealants?

AAMA 800
AAMA 812
ASTM C1248
AAMA 701

Answer 20

AAMA 800

Question 21

How many types of laboratory tests are included in ASTM C1248 test for porous substrate staining?

Answer 21

Four

Question 22

This standard covers four types of laboratory procedures to test for staining of porous substrates by sealants:

ASTM C920
AAMA 800
AAMA 812
ASTM C1248

Answer 22

ASTM C1248

Question 23

What AAMA standard covers pumpable or gunnable compounds that remain ductile or elastic, and permit moderate movement without loosing adhesion?

AAMA 800
AAMA 812
AAMA 808.3
AAMA 701

Answer 23

AAMA 808..3

Question 24

AAMA 808.3 includes __(qty) performance parameters and testing methods to verify sealants’ performance by those parameters.

2
8
12
20

Answer 24

Eight

Question 25

There are 8 primary sealant performance characteristics evaluated by AAMA 808.3. List four: (Think about visible and performance testing parameters and practical concerns)

Answer 25

Visual - no cracks after heat and UV. Hardness Shore A 55 or less Peel adhesion at 5lbs / inch of width Slump < 1/10 in 5 minutes Vehicle migration - No VM after 14 days at 180 Low temp flexibility - no cracking at 7 degrees Staining: No Discoloration of conc. or wood (140 deg & water immersion) Water resistance - no voids after 14 days immersed at 180 F.

Question 26

This standard covers gunnable compounds for sealing buck frames and thresholds which remain tacky throughout the service life.

Answer 26

AAMA 809.2

Question 27

Performance parameters for non-drying sealants per AAMA 809.2 (AAMA 800, section 5) include which four of the following? ``` Visual Screening Peel Adhesion Test Flex - Low Temp flexibility Staining on wood and concrete Water resistance Slump Shore 'A' hardness Elongation ``` (Similar to 808.3, minus 4 - VFWS)

Answer 27

Visual Screening Flex - Low Temp flexibility Water resistance Slump

Question 28

Aerosol foam sealants should be carefully selected to avoid this concern specific to this sealant type:

Answer 28

over-swelling of the foam and deformation of the window or door frame.

Question 29

This AAMA standard addresses specific installation and material concerns for aerosol foam sealants.

Answer 29

AAMA 812

Question 30

The two key material attributes that contribute to deflection of fenestration products as identified in AAMA 812 are: Expansion ratio and pressure build Cellular structure and dimensional stability Expansion ratio and cellular structure Pressure Build and Dimensional Stability

Answer 30

Pressure Build | Dimensional Stability

Question 31

What does pressure build measure?

Answer 31

Maximum pressure over time that the foam can exert.

Question 32

The criteria for evaluating dimensional stability of aerosol foam sealants, included in AAMA 812 references an industry standard maximum of __ % variation in thickness after initial cure. The test requires conditioning three cured samples at temperatures of ___, __, and __ respectively. Measurements of foam expansion on each sample are taken after ___day and ___days in conditioning chambers. (Temps are C or F equivalents)

Answer 32

``` No more than 10% variation After heating at 104 F _ 40 C 86 F _ 30 C -4 F _ -20 C ``` at 7 and 14 day intervals

Question 33

What are the criteria that the installer must consider in selecting and applying sealant? (MACPP)

Answer 33

``` joint MOVEMENT (anticipated amount and sealant capacity) Adhesion Compatibility Primers Preparation. ```

Question 34

Joint backing provides 4 primary advantages for sealant installation and performance. 1. Controlling the ___ of the sealant. 2. Developing a ____ bead shape 3. Support for sealant _____. 4. Acts as a ____ ______.

Answer 34

Control depth/width Develop concave bead shape Support Tooling Serve as bond breaker

Question 35

If a closed-cell backer rod is used behind a sealant installation, care should be taken to avoid____. Why?

Answer 35

Punctures. | Escaping gas can cause blisters in the sealant.

Question 36

Backer rod should be __% larger than the joint width.

Answer 36

25%

Question 37

Sealant should bond ___ to the backer rod. Moderately Tenaciously Very little / Not at all

Answer 37

Not at all.

Question 38

Where the joint assembly include a tongue or back-plate behind the joint, without enough depth for backer rod, add___ behind the sealant prior to installation.

Answer 38

Bond-breaker tape

Question 39

A butt joint sealed at the ____ end of the actual service temperature will always be in tension.

Answer 39

Coldest, lowest

Question 40

Sealant should be installed when the temperature of the assmebly is at it's Coldest Hottest middle range.

Answer 40

Middle.

Question 41

For most applications, a ____ shaped sealant bead should be installed Triangular Hourglass Pretzle

Answer 41

Hourglass If you said pretzle, your fired, or hungry or both.

Question 42

A sealant joint should be ___ times as wide as it is deep.

Answer 42

Two times. | Width should be twice the depth but depth should not be less than 1/4" in most cases.

Question 43

5.2 Quiz 1. Which of the following is not addressed in AAMA 800? Exterior perimeter sealing compound non-drying sealant foaming sealant pumpable or gunnable compounds

Answer 43

foaming sealant

Question 44

5.2 Quiz 2. Which of the following is not addressed in AAMA 812? Pressure build Dimensional Stability Non-Drying sealant Foaming sealant

Answer 44

Non-drying sealant

Question 45

5.2 Quiz 3. A bond breaker: prevents three-sided adhesion permits damaged sealant to be easily removed permits cohesive failure only eliminates the need for backer rod

Answer 45

prevents three-sided adhesion

Question 46

5.2 Quiz 4. Mfr. instructions should always be followed; but generally, backer rod should be selected _____width of the joint to be sealed. slightly smaller than equal to 10% larger than 25% larger than

Answer 46

25% larger than....

Question 47

5. 2 Quiz 5. Because sealed joints experience movement due to thermal expansion and contraction, joints sealed at a very low temp will ____ when the temp rises. Stretch the sealant compress the sealant tend to shear the sealant fail

Answer 47

Compress the sealant. This is a bit tricky, if you picture things expanding as the assembly heats it's easy to initially imagine this will expand the joint. It won't - the expansion to both sides will compress the joint. Read the questions carefully.