Group 5.9 - Anchorage, Part 1: Anchorage Analysis Flashcards
Analyzing and specifying anchoring hardware and
the mode of installation focuses on quantifying
_____ forces and determining the anchoring
system and fasteners along with the material,
thickness, quantity and locations that will
withstand them.
External
Internal
Dark
Wall
External
Analyzing and specifying anchoring hardware also evaluates the ____, ____ and ____ of locations that will withstand fasteners
orientation, height, exposure
material, thickness, quantity
color, texture, reflectivity
hardness, access and durability
material, thickness, quantity
This was a bit murky on item #2.
Anchorage requirements are dictated by project-specific factors, Number these in order of precedence:
Minimum requirements of ASCE 7
Project specific design pressure
Minimum requirement of local building codes
3
1
2
Correct order is:
Project specific design pressure
Minimum requirement of local building codes
Minimum requirements of ASCE 7
A window or sliding glass door anchorage system
must provide a load resistance that is ________ the project-specific design pressure requirements.
Double
equal to or greater than
close to
At least 15% of
equal to or greater than
A 3 feet x 5 feet window designed to withstand a 25 psf design pressure is required to withstand a minimum force of ____ pounds, plus an appropriate safety factor.
375
(5 x 3 x 25)
When a window or sliding door product has been
specified by the type, class and performance
grade per the North American Fenestration
Standard (referred to as NAFS), this indicates that
the product meets a specific design pressure as
tested with _______________.
several typical anchorage systems.
one specific anchorage system.
10d nails at 6” on center
a generic, undefined anchorage system
one specific anchorage system
The anchorage system actually used
must be analyzed to verify that it will perform the
same or better than the ______>
typical installation in the area
typical window on the site
mock-up
tested configuration
tested configuration
The required strength of the anchor are impacted by the ____ or ____ of the actual installation.
location or sequence
method or conditions
flashing or WRB
finishes or cladding
method or conditions
Where shear loads are applied at
some appreciable distance, or eccentricity, from
the surface of the base material, such as the use
of a shim, the anchor bolt can be subject to bending
In such cases, a good rule of thumb is that a bolt
or screw will not be subject to bending if the
eccentricity (offset) is less than ____ bolt diameters.
one
two
five
ten
Two
Another important factor in specifying fasteners is
to provide adequate protection against ______ corrosion which can weaken load-bearing capacity over time.
Galvanic
Pressure treated lumber is typically treated
with two copper compounds. These compounds
are highly corrosive to carbon steel, so only
_________ should be used with pressure treated lumber.
Stainless steel or copper
or coated
Steel fasteners exposed to the elements or in a
wet area should either be made of stainless steel
or protected from rusting by an appropriate
_______coating.
plastic
colored
corrosion inhibiting
heat-resistant
corrosion inhibiting
Anchorage analysis in general consists of calculating
_____, ______, _____ and _____ loads for the
connections, while accounting for the of ______ of
the particular frame and the connection
configuration.
BSBP
bending
shear,
bearing
pull-out
geometry
Anchorage analysis focuses on the three load bearing
components of the anchorage system: the _____ material, the _______ and the ________ substrate.
framing material, the fasteners themselves and the
building wall substrate.
Waterproofing elements such as sealants or
flashing______considered to provide
structural strength thus _____considered in
the analysis.
are
are not
may be
sometimes are
are not
AAMA _____ outlines the basic
elements of a complete structural engineering
analysis of fastener installations.
2501
AAMA 2501 includes 5 basic elements of anchorage analysis. What are they?
(Hint - AMARS)
Arrangement Magnitude of Forces Attachment devices Resistance to Forces (Force Resistance) Specification
Anchorage Analysis:
Arrangement, defines the ___ and ___ location of the fasteners.
Number and location
Anchorage Analysis:
Magnitude of forces, is a determination of the ____ acting on the anchors and the ______ ____ ____ per anchor.
forces
maximum design load
Anchorage Analysis:
Attachment devices is recommendation of attachment devices to resist the determined forces. The _____and _____ of fasteners must be sufficient to meet the load forces.
number and spacing
Anchorage Analysis:
Attachment devices- Fastener length should be sufficient to penetrate the substrate to a depth designed to meet applicable ______, _______ ______ and ______ calculations.
Building codes
Mfr. recommendations
Structural calculations
Anchorage Analysis:
Force Resistance refers to the confirmation that the window or sliding glass door frame can resist the forces at the ______ _____.
attachment points.
Anchorage Analysis:
Force Resistance - The installation of fasteners or fastening systems must limit _______ any frame or sash member and must not in any way impede the
______ of the unit.
Distortion of
operation
Anchorage Analysis:
Specifications of of 7 key parameters (and others as appropriate) of the required anchorage and/or fastener. Name at least 4:
(Logical - what do you need to know to go get them and put them in. 1 derived from 2, based on the size. 3 descriptive 5 is a function of 4 6 & 7 define installation)
quantity spacing type material strength embedment edge distances
Anchorage Analysis:
Specifications - The actual installed product may have various mullions, transoms, subframe systems or substrates, and could require vastly different anchoring types (3) and spacings (2) from
the rated tested unit. For example, it may require
multiple fasteners concentrated at _____ or _____ rails.
mullions or
meeting rails.
Required Anchorage Systems Data refers to the information about the installation required to conduct the attachment analysis. These include the following four categories:
DMPM
Dimensions of the Installed window and the Rough Opening
Material Properties
Pressure - Design Pressure
Material Specifications.
Dimensions of the Installed window and the Rough Opening should include the _____of components involved and location of ______ within.
size
fasteners
Anchorage analysis requires information on the ___, ___ and ___ of wood present in the substrate.
( just fundamental wood info.)
Species,
Grade
Thickness
To perform an anchorage analysis with a concrete substrate, required information includes the ____ strength and if the concrete is ____ or ____ weight.
28-day
light or normal
Material specifications refers to key information about materials present such as the ___, ___, ____ and ___ of metals.
thickness
alloy
grade
strength.
Additional Anchorage System Data required includes:
FMC
Fastener Capacity
Movement
Anchorage Configuration
To analyze the anchorage system, the design load-bearing capacities of the fasteners for the surrounding wall ____ _____ must be known.
substrate material
Anchorage analysis requires information on building movements relative to the window or SGC framing anchorage. Joints and anchorages between the building envelope and the product must be designed to accommodate ____ expansion
Thermal
The loads to which a fastener system is exposed are primarily either ____load or _____load (V in the diagram) or a combination of the two, depending on the configuration.
Tension, shear
Once the loads on an anchor are calculated,
AAMA Technical Information Report _____ a
companion document to AAMA 2501, offers
engineering rules and guidelines in the design and
analysis of anchorage fasteners for windows and
doors.
TIR-A14
Anchorage Failure -
In performing the analysis, it must first be
recognized that there are three ways in which a
fenestration anchoring system can fail. They are:
Fastened material failure
Fastener failure
Substrate failure
For each anchorage system, the mode of ______ for the material and fasteners along the load path can
change.
failure
The material being fastened to the substrate can fail by bending, buckling or pull-out, and/or \_\_\_\_\_ - the amount of force required to pull the material over the head of the fastener.
pull-over.
Anchorage Analysis: Step 1
Check the material being _____ , Typically this material will be _____(material) in commercial applications.
attached to
used for attachment
attached.
Being anchored.
aluminum
Anchorage Analysis: Step 1 (cont)
If ________ is present, then pull-over needs to be
considered.
Note that the calculation is different for pull-over of
___ ____ fasteners.
Tension
Flat Head
Anchorage Analysis: Step 2.
Fastener Analysis. The _____and/or ______in the fastener is compared to the allowable values for the size and type of fastener being used.
Shear
Tesnsion
Anchorage Analysis: Step 2. (cont)
AAMA ____includes Load Table for evaluating the loaded performance of various size fasteners and
fastener metals.
TIR A9
Anchorage Analysis: Step 2. (cont)
The easiest way to get the design values for fastener load capacity is from a ____ _____for evaluating the loaded performance of various size fasteners, or from load tables published by the________.
Load Table
Manufacturer
Anchorage Analysis: Step 3 is to check the _____ .
Substrate (being fastened to)
Anchorage Analysis: Step 3
There are different rules and guidelines associated
with each building substrate that govern the type,
size and placement of ______.
Anchors
Anchorage Analysis: Step 3
The shear and/or tension in the fastener is
compared to the allowable ______(shear) and
fastener ______values for the base material.
Bearing
Pull-out
Anchorage Analysis: Step 3
Three types of substrates are typically involved. These are _____, ____, and _______ or ______
(Typical framing/wall material)
Metal
Wood
masonry or concrete
The final analysis. A good analysis report of
fenestration anchorage systems would include
A proposed anchorage _______ of and the maximum ____ ____ per attachment
• Arrangement, Design load
• Confirmation that the window or sliding glass
door frame can resist the forces at the
attachment points
• A specification for the required anchorage
and/or fastener quantity, spacing, type,
material, strength, embedment, edge
distances and other parameters as
appropriate
The proper anchorage analysis report would also include the ___ and ______ of the forces acting
on the attachments due to the design loads.
• A recommended attachment system to resist
the determined forces
type and magnitude
To address the Resistance to Forces portion of the analysis, the anchorage analysis report would include Confirmation that the window or sliding glass door frame can resist the _____ at the ________points
Forces at the attachment points
Finally, our good anchorage analysis report would include a specification for the required anchorage, including:
(what you’d need to know to get them and put them in)
Fastener Quantity spacing type, material strength embedment edge distances
Quiz Question #1
A 3 x 5 window designed to withstand a 25 psf design pressure is required to withstand a total force of ___ pounds.
275
325
375
425
375
Quiz Question #2
Which one of the following is not considered as part f the load path from the window to the building?
framing material
fasteners
wall substrate
sealants
Sealants
Quiz Question #3
In order for an anchor to perform as expected, analysis must include:
- The magnitude and direction of all loads to be applied
- tensile and shear strength of the fastener
- whether the substrate has sufficient thickness to *enable the fastener to develop its full tensile strength without pulling out.
- All of the above
- All of the above
Quiz Question #4
A thin and lightweight aluminum frame tears up from under the heads of its fasteners due to heavy wind loading and disengages with the anchors still in place. This is a ____ failure:
Bending
Pull over
Shear
tension
Pull over
Quiz Question #5
Anchor calculations must be approved by a
registered professional engineer
window manufacturer
registered architect
general contractor
registered professional engineer
