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Gross Pathology > Gross Pathology of Swine 1 > Flashcards

Gross Pathology of Swine 1 Flashcards

cardiovascular, respiratory, hemolymphatics, GI

1
Q

Most common heart defects

A

Valvular dysplasia
High ventricular septal defect

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2
Q

Differential list for myocardial necrosis (white spots on heart)

A

Pseudorabies (suid herpesvirus 1)
Encephalomyocarditis virus (picornavirus)
Foot and mouth disease (aphthovirus)- sucklings

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3
Q

Gross signs of polyserositis

A

Fibrin (vasculitis) in pericardium, chest, abdomen, joints, meninges

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4
Q

Causes of polyserositis (3)

A

Streptococcus suis type 2
Mycoplasma hyorhinus
Glasserella parasuis

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5
Q

Four causes of vegetative valvular endocarditis

A

Streptococcus suis type 2
Staphylococcus aureus
Coliform (e.coli, salmonella, trueperella, etc.)
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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6
Q

What does a Vitamin E/Selenium imbalance cause in the pig?

A

Mulberry heart disease aka Dietetic microangiopathy

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of mulberry heart disease?

A

Vit E and Selenium don’t prevent oxidation–> fibrinoid vasculitis and hemorrhage due to systemic arterial degeneration–>ischemic necrosis of myocardium (no direct damage to myofibrils)

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8
Q

Gross signs with mulberry heart disease

A

Myocardial necrosis- classically, ton of hemorrhage around bulging/dilated RV
Arteriolar necrosis in multiple organs

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9
Q

Age group most often affected by Mulberry heart disease

A

Weaners

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10
Q

Other organs that will be affected by mulberry heart disease

A

Brain
Liver
Lungs

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11
Q

Differentials for fibrinous pericardial effusion (3)

A

Mulberry heart disease
Edema disease (shiga producing E.Coli)

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12
Q

Mechanism in gossypol toxicity (from cotton seed meal)

A

Heart- we don’t know, but they die of heart failure
Liver- uses up glutathione

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13
Q

Gross lesion with gossypol toxicity in the heart

A

Pericardial effusion

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14
Q

Differentials for nasal discharge

A

Polyserositis (glasser’s disease, strep suis, mycoplasma hyorhinus)
Inclusion body rhinitis
Pseudorabies in young piglet

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15
Q

Gross lesion with inclusion body rhinitis

A

Catarrhal rhinitis

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16
Q

Cause(s) of atrophic rhinitis

A

Nonprogressive- B bronchiseptica
Progressive- B bronchiseptica and P multocida (type D toxin producing)

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17
Q

What does necrotic rhinitis look like, vs. atrophic rhinitis

A

Necrotic rhinitis- bullnose (issue lateral to turbinates), caused by F necrophorum
Atrophic rhinitis- deviation of snout and porphyrin staining (turbinates gone)

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18
Q

Respiratory signs with pseudorabies

A

Age dependent:
No problems in adults
Grower-finisher- respiratory disease (lung spots of necrosis)
Pigs 2 weeks old or less- necrotizing rhinotracheitis, then hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis

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19
Q

Cause of tracheal hemorrhage

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or suis
Swine influenza

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20
Q

Cause of checkerboard pneumonia with depressed necrotic areas in swine

A

Swine influenza virus (epithelial necrosis)

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21
Q

Cause of enlarged lungs without checkerboard pattern (2)

A

Porcine circovirus type 2 or Porcine arterivirus (PRRS)

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22
Q

Morph for porcine circovirus type 2 or PRRS

A

Granulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia

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23
Q

Classic bronchopneumonia cause with sharp demarcation between normal and abnormal

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (enzootic pneumonia)

24
Q

Shipping fever of pigs; how to tell from other pneumonias?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or suis; looks as bad as it can get, lots of fibrin, oat cells

25
Q

Cause of embolic pneumonia (sepsis) (2)

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Salmonella cholerasuis or typhisuis

26
Q

Cause of large greenish nodules in lungs with areas of hyperinflation

A

Metastrongyles:
Metastrongylus apri

27
Q

Cause of areas of hemorrhage and necrosis scattered throughout all lung lobules, with lots of eosinophils

A

Ascaris suum larval migration

28
Q

Cause of diffuse lung edema and hydrothorax (toxic)

A

Fumonisin (moldy corn poisoning)
Fumonisin B1- also causes pancreatic necrosis, damages alveolar endothelium

29
Q

Cause of hemorrhage in tonsillar tissue

A

Classical swine fever

30
Q

Other gross signs with CSF

A

Splenic infarcts at margins
Hemorrhage at periphery of lymph node (medullary sinuses)

31
Q

Cause of diffusely hemorrhagic lymph nodes

A

African swine fever

32
Q

Cause of tonsillar necrosis

A

Pseudorabies

33
Q

Cause of generalized lymphadenopathy; key histo

A

Porcine circovirus 2; granulomatous inflammation with botryoid intracytoplasmic viral IBs in macs

34
Q

Morph with PCV2 in lymph nodes

A

Granulomatous lymphadenitis with botryoid inclusions

35
Q

Other differential for granulomatous lymphadenitis

A

Mycobacterium avium (mostly historical, so always pick PCV2)

36
Q

Cause of enlarged, orange lymph nodes

A

Iron supplementation (normal)

37
Q

Cause of enlarged spleen

A

Mycoplasma suis (extravascular hemolysis, no icterus)

38
Q

Cause of ulcers on lips and gingiva

A

Mycotoxin (tricothecene) from Fusarium spp.

39
Q

What causes edema disease?**

A

Shiga toxin producing E.Coli

40
Q

Gross signs with edema disease

A

Larynx, brain, stomach, mesocolon

41
Q

Differentials for gastrointestinal venous infarcts (4)

A

Salmonella cholerasuis (sepsis)
Post-weaning colibacillosis
Erysipelothrix
Sepsis

42
Q

What does mycobacterium avium do in the pig?

A

Hemolymphatic, GI

43
Q

Parasite of GI that causes proliferation, but does not invade mucosa

A

Hyostrongylus rubidus

44
Q

Cause of congested intestines full of orange/brown fluid in neonates

A

ETEC

45
Q

Differentials for see-through intestines full of clear fluid in young pigs

A

Coronavirus:
Transmissible gastroenteritis
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Rotavirus

46
Q

Cause of mesocolon edema in neonates? Weaner?*****

A

Clostridium dificile in neonates
Edema disease if older

47
Q

Cause of segmental necrohemorrhagic enteritis with gas production in young piglets

A

Clostridium perfringens type C

48
Q

Cause of proliferative enteritis

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

49
Q

Three patterns of lawsonia intracellularis

A
  1. Proliferative enteritis- cerebriform folds
  2. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome- blood in lumen
  3. Necrotic enteritis/ileitis- fibrinonecrotic membrane
50
Q

Host adapted Salmonella strains; disease caused?

A

cholerasuis and typhisuis; sepsis, thrombosis, edema, cyanosis, button ulcers in colon

51
Q

Non host-adapted Salmonella strain; disease caused?

A

typhimurium; diffuse mucosal necrosis in all GI

52
Q

Gross lesions seen with C. dificile

A

Mesocolon edema
Volcano ulcers, button ulcers

53
Q

Differentials for necrotic enteritis

A

Salmonella typhimurium
Lawsonia intracellularis (does not affect colon)
Classical swine fever (pestivirus)
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (swine dysentery)

54
Q

What part of GI do ascarids like?

A

Duodenum

55
Q

Cause of hemorrhagic or fibrinonecrotic colitis in spiral colon**

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae- swine dysentery

56
Q

Parasite of GI that DOES embed in mucosa

A

Trichuris suis, will see long worms with hemorrhage

Gross Pathology (23 decks)

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