Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Pathology > Gross Pathology of Respiratory System > Flashcards

Gross Pathology of Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Alpaca congenital malformation

A

Choanal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four lesions associated with Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome

A
  1. stenotic nares
  2. elongated soft palate
  3. tracheal hypoplasia
  4. everted laryngeal sacccules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Species affected by tracheal collapse

(chondromalacia)

A

Dogs, horses (ponies and American minis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common horse laryngeal malformation; contributes to what other condition?

A

Epiglottal hypoplasia; Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Possible causes of hypoplastic lungs

A

Anything that prevents inflation:
* Hydrops fatalis/hydramnios (fluid in amnion)
* Dexter bulldog calves with anasarca
* Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
* Intrathoracic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cause of atelectatic lungs in foal

A

Equine neonatal respiratory distress syndrome- reduced production of surfactant proteins

Will see expiratory grunt or bark at birth, hypoxemia, heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flat pigmented areas of lung; only acquired version of this disease

A

melanosis; Nero cecilian pigs eating acorns with phenols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ddx for erosive lesion on nose of white cat

A
  1. squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Cryptococcus infection
  3. Sporotrichosis infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Infiltrative tumor from sinus of horse; origin?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma; epithelium around tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which types of carcinomas arise from where within the nasal cavity?

A
  • Rostral- SCC
  • Middle- transitional nasal carcinoma
  • Caudal- adenocarcinoma (b/c glandular)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nasal tumor in sheep; cause?

A

Nasal adenocarcinoma; beta retrovirus- Enzootic Nasal Tumor virus 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of lymphoma do cats get in the nasal cavity?

A

B cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of nasal tumors do dolicocephalic breeds get?

A

chondrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Laryngeal tumor in dog; distinguishing histologic feature

A

rhabdomyoma/sarcoma; big pink cells with bright pink granules (mitochondria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma growth pattern

A

Lepidic (along alveolar septa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Horse airway or lung tumor is most likely…

A

Granular Cell Tumor

from Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metastasizes to lungs in rabbits

A

Primary uterine carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tumors that metastasize to lungs (3); source

A
  1. hemangiosarcoma; right atrium
  2. melanoma; anywhere
  3. carcinoma; mammary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes “driving sickness” in sheep 4-6 years of age

A

Endogenous beta retrovirus (jaagsiekte) causing pulmonary adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does mesothelioma occur in the dog? rats? NHPs?

A

Dog- pleura and pericardium
Rats- abdomen
NHPs- diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ddx for mesothelioma in white-tailed deer?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Top two viral ddx in cat URI; secondary bacterial infections?

A

Feline herpesvirus
Feline calicivirus (RNA virus)
; Chlamydia felis, mycoplasma felis, mycoplasma gati

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does herpesvirus go latent in the cat?

A

Trigeminal ganglion
Optic nerve
Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Distinguishing feature of alpha herpes virus

A

Necrosis in airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of pneumonia is seen with bacterial infection?
Bronchopneumonia- cranioventral distribution (red, collapsed, atalectatic)
26
What type of pneumonia is seen with viral infection?
Interstitial pneumonia- diffuse distribution (because hematogenous) that starts at the hilus
27
What type of herpes virus causes the most respiratory disease?
Alpha herpes
28
Name a beta herpesvirus; when does it occur
Cytomegalovirus; immunosuppressed animals
29
Name a gamma herpesvirus; what does it cause?
Lymphocryptovirus; lymphoproliferative neoplasms
30
Who is susceptible to herpes virus infection?
Young animals (lower temperature)
31
Cause of tracheitis with fibrinonecrotic membrane in the ox
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine herpesvirus 1
32
Contributors to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
* IBR (bovine herpesvirus 1) * Bovine respiratory syncytial virus * Parainfluenza 3 * Adenovirus * Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus * Bovine respiratory coronavirus
33
Cause of fibrinonecrotic membranes and hemorrhage in chicken airways
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), avian herpesvirus type 1
34
Cause of necrosis of nasal turbinates (not loss) in piglets
Pseudorabies, suid herpesvirus type 1 | Ddx is atrophic rhinitis and inclusion body rhinitis
35
Pseudorabies disease course
Mild unless <2 weeks old, pregnant, or immunocompromised Cause of neonatal mortality Mostly a systemic disease Pneumonia if severe
36
Equine herpesvirus 1 effects by age
Adult- mild sinusitis Fetal abortion, stillborn Foals- white spots on lung (necrosis), rib impressions (edema), pleural effusion, fibrin cast in trachea, systemic white foci
37
Ddx for viral pneumonia in foals
Equine herpesvirus type 1 Equine herpesvirus type 4 Equine cytomegalovirus Equine viral arteritis Equine adenovirus Equine influenza
38
Cytomegalovirus in pigs; when and where?
3-6 weeks, rhinotracheitis
39
Gamma herpesvirus in horse; disease caused; histologic feature
Equine Herpesvirus 5; equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; intranuclear inclusions in alveolar macrophages
40
Gammaherpes virus in ruminants
Malignant Catarrhal Fever, ruminant rhadinovirus
41
Very young Arabian foal with "patchwork quilt" lungs; histologic feature
Equine adenovirus; very large viral inclusion bodies
42
Other species affected by adenovirus
Baboon (young or SIV infected) Guinea pigs (adults) Deer- vasculitis, edema (attach endothelium)
43
Two features of pox virus (for morph)
Proliferative and necrotizing
44
Histologic feature of pox virus
Tremendous inclusion bodies in cytoplasm
45
How is pox virus spread?
Biting insects
46
Viral disease characterized by crusty lesion with center of necrosis, ulcerates, proliferates; affects skin of face, feet, waddle
Dry pox
47
Viral disease characterized by proliferative lesions without necrosis; affects skin, can go systemic
Wet pox
48
Which species get systemic pox disease?
Sheep, camels, rabbits, people
49
Driver of Enzootic lymphoma in cattle
Bovine leukemia virus
50
Possible outcomes of Bovine Leukemia Virus
30% infected 30% of those have persistent lymphocytosis 5% of those get leukemia
51
Three types of sporadic lymphoma
1. Juvenile (<6mo) 2. Thymic (<2years) 3. Cutaneous (2-4 years)
52
Most common locations of lymphoma
1. Abomasum 2. Uterus 3. Lymph nodes 4. Right atrium
53
Clinical findings associated with Juvenile lymphoma
* Anemia, myelofibrosis, marrow infarction, thrombocytopenia * Lymph nodes X10 * Dystocia if present at birth
54
Clinical findings with thymic lymphoma
* Presternal swelling * Jugular distension * Compression of esophagus and trachea * Respiratory distress
55
Clinical findings with cutaneous lymphoma
* Nodules on head, flanks, perineum * Wax and wane * Alopecia and ulceration * Later spreads to viscera (indistinguishable from enzootic lymphoma)
56
What population are you most likely to find Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus?
Young feedlot steers
57
What type of virus is BRSV?
Paramyxovirus
58
BRSV is part of what complex?
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex with Parainfluenza 3
59
Gross lesions of BRSV
Cranioventral atalectasis, caudodorsal edema
60
What cell types does BRSV affect? Main target?
All epithelium, macrophages; main target is ciliated epithelium
61
Bovine Parainfluenza 3
Differential for BRDC, not as severe as BRSV
62
What does Sendai virus cause?
Interstitial pneumonia in immunocompetent rats/mice
63
What orbivirus affects sheep? Classic gross lesions?
Bluetongue; Red nose (hemorrhage), congested buccal mucosa, mouth ulcers, lung edema (endotheliotropic), pulmonary artery hemorrhage
64
What orbivirus affects horses?
African Horse Sickness
65
What orbivirus affects deer? Differential?
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease; adenovirus
66
Names for disease caused by ovine lentivirus
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) or Ovine lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
67
Presentations of ovine lentivirus (OPP)
Maedi- Interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid proliferation Visna- Neurologic disease in YOUNG animals
68
Name for disease caused by caprine lentivirus
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE); also get Maedi-like lung disease
69
How to differentiate ovine lentivirus (Maedi) from Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
Jaagsiekte is not diffuse, Maedi is. Maedi is an exogenous lentivirus (contagious), whereas Jaagsiekte is an endogenous retrovirus
70
Name endogenous retroviruses; exogenous?
Jaagsiekte; ovine lentivirus, caprine lentivirus, enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV1, 2)
71
Differentials for a chicken with significant hemorrhage
Newcastle HPAI Pasteurella multocida (fowl plague)
72
Gross signs associated with HPAI
Endotheliotropic: Lung hemorrhage (non-specific) Pancreatic necrosis Hemorrhage on shanks*
73
Gross lesions associated with swine influenza
Necrosis of airway epithelium (trachea) and cranioventral pneumonia
74
Viral differentials for patchy edematous pig lungs (bronchointerstitial pneumonia)
Swine Influenza PRRS (arterivirus) Porcine circovirus (lymphocytic)
75
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in adult pigs
Late term abortions and weak piglets with pneumonia
76
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in young pigs (grower finisher)
Necrotizing and proliferative interstitial pneumonia
77
What causes Infectious Bronchitis in poultry?
Coronavirus
78
Classic lesions associated with Infectious Bronchitis in poultry
Foamy mesentery, air sac and trachea mucus, cloudy and thickened air sacs Subsets: kidney disease, uterus- wrinkly egg shells
79
What causes Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease?
Rabbit calicivirus- Rabbit Hemmorhagic Disease Virus 2
80
Gross lesions from Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
Endotheliotropic: Liver primary target Lungs and intestine less affected, but rib impressions and hemorrhage
81

Gross Pathology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions