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Gross Pathology > Gross Pathology of Small Ruminants > Flashcards

Gross Pathology of Small Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of sepsis in sheep; gross lesion

A

Mannheimia or Bibersteinia; fibrinous pericarditis

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2
Q

Hemorrhages at base of pulmonary artery- possible causes?

A

Blue tongue virus (sheep orbivirus)
Enterotoxemia (c. perfringens type D)

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3
Q

Cause of aortic mineralization?

A

Vitamin D analog plants:
Cestrum diurnum, Trisetum flavescens, Solanum spp, Medicago sativa (alfalfa)

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4
Q

Filariid nematode that occludes carotid; DH

A

Elaeophora schneideri; DEER

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5
Q

Bacterial disease causing pleural effusion, edema (heartwater)

A

Ehrlichia ruminantium

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6
Q

Cause of caseous lymphadenitis and thin ewe syndrome

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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7
Q

Dry, crumbly abscess in goat lymph node

A

Mycobacterium caprae

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8
Q

Common tumor in goats

A

Thymoma

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9
Q

Cause of congenital hypothyroidism (goiter)

A

Brassica (rape and kale)
High or low levels of iodine

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10
Q

Cause of coccidiosis in sheep

A

Eimeria ovinus

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11
Q

Cause of coccidiosis in goats and sheep

A

Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae

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12
Q

Cause of scabby, proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis of lips and nasal mucosa

A

Contagious ecthyma (Orf), caused by parapoxvirus

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13
Q

What causes swollen, cyanotic tongue with thrombosis and necrosis of epithelium

A

Bluetongue (orbivirus)

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14
Q

How do they catch blue tongue?

A

Culicoides

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15
Q

What cells does Bluetongue infect?

A

Endotheliotropic, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes

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16
Q

Common presentations for Bluetongue (4)

A

Blue tongue
Necrohemorrhagic stomatitis
GI ulceration
Nervous signs when infected in utero

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17
Q

What is the morph for a secondary fungal infection following ruminal acidosis?

A

Multifocal to coalescing ruminal vasculitis with mucosal necrosis/infarction

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18
Q

What kind of virus causes pestes de petit ruminants?

A

Morbillivirus

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19
Q

What are the two major syndromes of PDPR?

A

Bronchopneumonia with nasal discharge
Necrosis and ulceration of GI tract with diarrhea

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20
Q

Skeletal muscle protozoan

A

Sarcocystis ovifelis (cat is DH)

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21
Q

What causes enterotoxemia? What age?

A

C perf type D (requires trypsin); epsilon toxin; months old

22
Q

Who gets sick from C perf type C? What type of illness?

A

Neonates (trypsin sensitive); diarrhea

23
Q

Which C perf is mostly a sheep disease, causes lamb dysentery? What age?

A

Type B; weeks old

24
Q

What causes frothy bloat?

A

High protein feed (legumes, alfalfa, clover)

25
Q

Necrohemorrhagic abomasitis and edema

A

Clostridium septicum (braxy, bradsot)

26
Q

Rhabditid (trichostrongyle) nematode that lives in the abomasum and causes anemia

A

Haemonchus contortus

27
Q

Cause of catarrhal abomasitis and epithelial proliferation (Moroccan leather) (2)

A

Teladorsagia circumcincta
Trichostrongylus axei

28
Q

Causes of catarrhal enteritis (not necrohemorrhagic)

A

EPEC
Rotavirus
Cryptosporidium

29
Q

Morph for clostridial GI disease

A

Necrohemorrhagic enteritis

30
Q

Mucosal necrosis over Peyer’s Patches with large colonies of bacteria is caused by

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

31
Q

What is the sheep tapeworm (cestode) (2)?

A

Moniezia expansa (usually subclinical)
Cysticercus ovis- in mesentery, liver, muscles of mastication, IH sheep, DH dog

32
Q

Strongyle nematode of sheep; location

A

Oesophagostomum columbianum; intestine

33
Q

What causes Johne’s Disease?

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

34
Q

Morph with Johne’s

A

Granulomatous enteritis

35
Q

Cause of entire GI tract red and distended, including spleen

A

Mesenteric torsion secondary to Lucerne red gut

36
Q

Whipworm of sheep; clinical signs if severe

A

Trichuris ovis; hypoproteinemia and weight loss

37
Q

Cause of a pale, tan to orange liver

A

Copper toxicity

38
Q

Copper toxicity pathogenesis

A

Hepatic necrosis and hemolysis:
Copper exceeds liver binding capacity, free copper causes apoptosis, hepatocytes rupture and liberate more copper, enters bloodstream, oxid damage to RBCs (intravascular hemolysis)

39
Q

Causes of liver cirrhosis

A

Ryegrass fungus (pythomyces chartarum)
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Aflatoxin
Saponins

40
Q

Cause of white liver disease

A

Cobalt deficiency –> Accumulation of fat in liver

41
Q

Viral hepatitis in sheep

A

Rift Valley Fever (bunyavirus)

42
Q

Cause of thin ewe syndrom with multifocal to coalescing abscesses everywhere

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

43
Q

Cause of flat, well-demarcated nodules throughout liver

A

Fusobacterium

44
Q

Cause of targetoid lesions in liver of aborted fetus

A

Campylobacter foetus subsp. foetus

45
Q

Cause of multifocal to coalescing hepatocellular necrosis (sepsis)

A

Listeria monocytogenes

46
Q

Lancet fluke of sheep

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

47
Q

Intermediate host of D. dendriticum

A

Ant

48
Q

What causes black disease? (hepatic necrosis)

A

Clostridium novyii often secondary to Fasciola hepatica or Fascioloides magna migration

49
Q

Most important cestode in sheep; gross finding

A

Echinococcus granulosus; hydatid cysts in liver

50
Q

Cause of nutmeg liver in sheep

A

Heart disease

Gross Pathology (21 decks)

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