Gross Pathology of Small Ruminants

Question 1

Cause of sepsis in sheep; gross lesion

Answer 1

Mannheimia or Bibersteinia; fibrinous pericarditis

Question 2

Hemorrhages at base of pulmonary artery- possible causes?

Answer 2

Blue tongue virus (sheep orbivirus)
Enterotoxemia (c. perfringens type D)

Question 3

Cause of aortic mineralization?

Answer 3

Vitamin D analog plants:
Cestrum diurnum, Trisetum flavescens, Solanum spp, Medicago sativa (alfalfa)

Question 4

Filariid nematode that occludes carotid; DH

Answer 4

Elaeophora schneideri; DEER

Question 5

Bacterial disease causing pleural effusion, edema (heartwater)

Answer 5

Ehrlichia ruminantium

Question 6

Cause of caseous lymphadenitis and thin ewe syndrome

Answer 6

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 7

Dry, crumbly abscess in goat lymph node

Answer 7

Mycobacterium caprae

Question 8

Common tumor in goats

Answer 8

Thymoma

Question 9

Cause of congenital hypothyroidism (goiter)

Answer 9

Brassica (rape and kale)
High or low levels of iodine

Question 10

Cause of coccidiosis in sheep

Answer 10

Eimeria ovinus

Question 11

Cause of coccidiosis in goats and sheep

Answer 11

Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae

Question 12

Cause of scabby, proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis of lips and nasal mucosa

Answer 12

Contagious ecthyma (Orf), caused by parapoxvirus

Question 13

What causes swollen, cyanotic tongue with thrombosis and necrosis of epithelium

Answer 13

Bluetongue (orbivirus)

Question 14

How do they catch blue tongue?

Answer 14

Culicoides

Question 15

What cells does Bluetongue infect?

Answer 15

Endotheliotropic, dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes

Question 16

Common presentations for Bluetongue (4)

Answer 16

Blue tongue
Necrohemorrhagic stomatitis
GI ulceration
Nervous signs when infected in utero

Question 17

What is the morph for a secondary fungal infection following ruminal acidosis?

Answer 17

Multifocal to coalescing ruminal vasculitis with mucosal necrosis/infarction

Question 18

What kind of virus causes pestes de petit ruminants?

Answer 18

Morbillivirus

Question 19

What are the two major syndromes of PDPR?

Answer 19

Bronchopneumonia with nasal discharge
Necrosis and ulceration of GI tract with diarrhea

Question 20

Skeletal muscle protozoan

Answer 20

Sarcocystis ovifelis (cat is DH)

Question 21

What causes enterotoxemia? What age?

Answer 21

C perf type D (requires trypsin); epsilon toxin; months old

Question 22

Who gets sick from C perf type C? What type of illness?

Answer 22

Neonates (trypsin sensitive); diarrhea

Question 23

Which C perf is mostly a sheep disease, causes lamb dysentery? What age?

Answer 23

Type B; weeks old

Question 24

What causes frothy bloat?

Answer 24

High protein feed (legumes, alfalfa, clover)

Question 25

Necrohemorrhagic abomasitis and edema

Answer 25

Clostridium septicum (braxy, bradsot)

Question 26

Rhabditid (trichostrongyle) nematode that lives in the abomasum and causes anemia

Answer 26

Haemonchus contortus

Question 27

Cause of catarrhal abomasitis and epithelial proliferation (Moroccan leather) (2)

Answer 27

Teladorsagia circumcincta Trichostrongylus axei

Question 28

Causes of catarrhal enteritis (not necrohemorrhagic)

Answer 28

EPEC Rotavirus Cryptosporidium

Question 29

Morph for clostridial GI disease

Answer 29

Necrohemorrhagic enteritis

Question 30

Mucosal necrosis over Peyer's Patches with large colonies of bacteria is caused by

Answer 30

Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 31

What is the sheep tapeworm (cestode) (2)?

Answer 31

Moniezia expansa (usually subclinical) Cysticercus ovis- in mesentery, liver, muscles of mastication, IH sheep, DH dog

Question 32

Strongyle nematode of sheep; location

Answer 32

Oesophagostomum columbianum; intestine

Question 33

What causes Johne's Disease?

Answer 33

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Question 34

Morph with Johne's

Answer 34

Granulomatous enteritis

Question 35

Cause of entire GI tract red and distended, including spleen

Answer 35

Mesenteric torsion secondary to Lucerne red gut

Question 36

Whipworm of sheep; clinical signs if severe

Answer 36

Trichuris ovis; hypoproteinemia and weight loss

Question 37

Cause of a pale, tan to orange liver

Answer 37

Copper toxicity

Question 38

Copper toxicity pathogenesis

Answer 38

Hepatic necrosis and hemolysis: Copper exceeds liver binding capacity, free copper causes apoptosis, hepatocytes rupture and liberate more copper, enters bloodstream, oxid damage to RBCs (intravascular hemolysis)

Question 39

Causes of liver cirrhosis

Answer 39

Ryegrass fungus (pythomyces chartarum) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Aflatoxin Saponins

Question 40

Cause of white liver disease

Answer 40

Cobalt deficiency --> Accumulation of fat in liver

Question 41

Viral hepatitis in sheep

Answer 41

Rift Valley Fever (bunyavirus)

Question 42

Cause of thin ewe syndrom with multifocal to coalescing abscesses everywhere

Answer 42

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 43

Cause of flat, well-demarcated nodules throughout liver

Answer 43

Fusobacterium

Question 44

Cause of targetoid lesions in liver of aborted fetus

Answer 44

Campylobacter foetus subsp. foetus

Question 45

Cause of multifocal to coalescing hepatocellular necrosis (sepsis)

Answer 45

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 46

Lancet fluke of sheep

Answer 46

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Question 47

Intermediate host of D. dendriticum

Answer 47

Ant

Question 48

What causes black disease? (hepatic necrosis)

Answer 48

Clostridium novyii often secondary to Fasciola hepatica or Fascioloides magna migration

Question 49

Most important cestode in sheep; gross finding

Answer 49

Echinococcus granulosus; hydatid cysts in liver

Question 50

Cause of nutmeg liver in sheep

Answer 50

Heart disease