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Gross Pathology > Gross Pathology of Avian Species > Flashcards

Gross Pathology of Avian Species Flashcards

1
Q

What does aviadenovirus cause?

A

Inclusion body hepatitis
Hydropericardium
Pancreatic necrosis
Egg drop syndrome

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2
Q

Cause of sepsis in a duck

A

Rhimerella anatipestifer

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3
Q

Causes of fibrinoheterophilic valvulitis in avians

A

Colibacillosis: Staph, coliforms, and enterococcus fecalis instead of strep
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (turkeys and psittacines)

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4
Q

What disease does Salmonella pullorum cause? Lesions?

A

Pullorum disease aka fowl typhoid; Granulomas, myocarditis

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5
Q

The heartworm of poultry

A

Sarconema eurycerca

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6
Q

Classic lesion for Newcastle disease; type of virus?

A

Proventricular gland hemorrhage; avian paramyxovirus type 1

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7
Q

Sick bird with cyanosis, edema (widespread thrombosis), sepsis; chronic signs

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae; infarctions, amyloidosis

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8
Q

Cause of clear, serous nasal discharge and sinusitis

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza)

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9
Q

Cause of “swollen head syndrome” in chickens- air sacs, orbital sinuses full of frothy mucoid exudate

A

Avian metapneumovirus

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10
Q

Swollen infraorbital sinus in a turkey

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

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11
Q

What does mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in finches/passerines?

A

Severe lymphocytic conjunctivitis and sinusitis (crusty eyes)

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12
Q

Frothy air sacs in a turkey (soap bubble air sacculitis)

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis

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13
Q

Cause of sinusitis with tracheal collapse in turkeys? Pathogenesis?

A

Bordetella avium; toxins lyse cartilage

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14
Q

Cause of epithelial hyperplasia, conjunctivitis, difficulty breathing

A

Cryptosporidium baileyi

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15
Q

Cause of infectious bronchitis; gross signs; species

A

Avian coronavirus; Soap bubble air sacculitis and poor egg quality; ONLY chickens

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16
Q

Cause of infectious laryngotracheitis

A

Gallid herpesvirus-1

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17
Q

Classic ILT lesion

A

Yellow casts in larynx/trachea

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18
Q

Cause of granulomatous air sacs/lungs or airway plugs

A

Aspergillosis

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19
Q

Other cause of fungal pneumonia; more common presentation

A

Ochroconis gallipava; encephalitis in young poultry

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20
Q

Acute and chronic signs seen with fowl cholera; agent

A

Acutely- Hemorrhagic lung lesions with infarcts and fibrin
Chronically- Lesions of footpads, wattles, combs, tendon sheaths
Pasteurella multocida

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21
Q

Cause of cloudy and opaque air sacs with fibrin; associated lesions

A

Chlamydia psittaci; splenic and liver necrosis

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22
Q

Gapeworm- red worms in Y shape in trachea; associated lesion

A

Syngamus trachea; granulomas apparent on serosal surface

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23
Q

Intermediate host of syngamus trachea

A

Earthworm

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24
Q

Tracheal mite; significance?

A

Sternostoma tracheacolum; death in Lady Gouldian finches

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25
Q

Air sac mite

A

Cytodites nudus

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26
Q

Differentials for pancreatic necrosis

A

Aviadenovirus
Zinc toxicity
HPAI

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27
Q

Classic lesions with HPAI

A

Shank hemorrhage, cyanotic wattles (like others), hemorrhagic respiratory disease (like others), damage in multiple organs

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28
Q

Predisposes chicks to gangrenous dermatitis

A

Chick anemia virus- gyrovirus
Infectious bursal disease- birnavirus

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29
Q

Cause of marbled spleen; disease in turkeys? chicken?

A

Siadenovirus; hemorrhagic enteritis; splenomegaly

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30
Q

Classic Marek’s lesions; type of lymphocytes affected

A

Hurdling chicken
Sciatic nerve enlargement
Grey eye
Follicular infiltration
T cells

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31
Q

Avian leukosis virus- age, lymphocyte type, where won’t it be?

A

Older birds
B cells
Skin, nerves

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32
Q

Pathognomonic lesion for reticuloendotheliosis virus

A

Cloaked barbles on midshaft (Nakanuke feathers)

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33
Q

Cause of ulcerative stomatitis

A

Tricothecene toxins produced by Fusarium spp.

34
Q

Proliferative white lesions (plaques) in crop (ingluvitis)- ddx

A

Crop mycosis (candida)
Poxvirus
Squamous metaplasia- can see holes

35
Q

What does Trichomonas gallinae cause? Species?

A

Necrotic stomatitis, esophagitis, ingluvitis- little white piles of ice cream to diphtheritic membranes
In pigeons or birds of prey

36
Q

Cause of proliferative and inflammatory esophagitis with long thin worms

A

Capillaria contorta or annulata

37
Q

Differentials for dilated crop

A

Lead toxicity in wildlife
Pendulous crop (genetic)

38
Q

Cause of proventricular dilatation syndrome

A

Avian bornavirus; psittacines

39
Q

Parasite of the proventriculus; species; lesion

A

Tetrameres americana; pigeons!; granulomas of proventricular glands

40
Q

Three coccidians and location; lesion

A

Eimeria acervulina- duodenum
Eimeria necatrix- jejunum
Eimeria tenella- ceca ONLY
Cause brooder’s patches (salt and pepper)

41
Q

What causes hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys?

A

Siadenovirus

42
Q

Cause of lymphoid band necrosis and hemorrhage in ducks; other gross lesions

A

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (duck plague); necrotic enteritis with membranes, paraphimosis

43
Q

Cause of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

A

C. perfringens type G

44
Q

What causes quail disease? gross lesions

A

Clostridium colinum; Hepatic necrosis, ulcerative/necrotizing enteritis

45
Q

Cause of coligranulomas (yellow verrucous, on serosal surfaces)

A

Tetratrichomonas gallinarum

46
Q

Roundworms of poultry

A

Ascaridia galli

47
Q

Cestode of poultry; only lesion

A

Raillietina echinobothrida; nodules on outside of intestine

48
Q

Cause of lymphoid follicle hemorrhage in ceca

A

Newcastle disease

49
Q

Eimeria brunetti location

A

Anywhere- necrotizing enteritis

50
Q

Cause of cecal cores and fibrinonecrosis of ceca

A

Salmonella pullorum, maybe Eimeria tenella, Histomonas meleagridis

51
Q

Cause of hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

52
Q

Cause of fibrinonecrotic typhlitis in ratites

A

Brachyspira hyodystenteriae

53
Q

Cause of cecal cores and targetoid lesions in liver; pathogenesis

A

Histomonas meleagridis; live in eggs of heterakis gallinae (cecal worm)

54
Q

Cause of granulomatous peritonitis

A

Eustrongylides ignotus- large nematode

55
Q

Cause of cloacal papilloma in parrots; associated lesion

A

Psittacid herpesvirus 1; Carcinoma of bile duct or pancreas

56
Q

What causes a pseudocyst of the butt of wild birds?

A

Collyriclum faba

57
Q

Cause of very sick parrot with hepatic and splenic necrosis; differential

A

Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (Pacheco’s disease); chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis)

58
Q

In a recent study, erysipelas was associated with what in parrots?

A

Amyloidosis

59
Q

Liver discoloration in birds of paradise

A

Hemochromatosis

60
Q

Cause of pale liver (other than amyloid)

A

Aflatoxicosis

61
Q

Cause of cholangiocellular carcinoma in psittacines

A

Old age or psittacid herpesvirus 1

62
Q

Classic findings in turkeys with vitamin E/selenium deficiency

A

Cerebellar hemorrhage (bing cherry)
Neuro signs (encephalomalacia)

63
Q

What causes curly toe paralysis

A

Vitamin B12 (riboflavin) deficiency- demyelination

64
Q

Cause of wry eye

A

Salmonella diarizonae- pthisis bulbi

65
Q

What causes granulomatous dermatitis if chronic?

A

Pasteurella multocida (fowl cholera)

66
Q

Red mite (blood-sucking)

A

Dermonyssys gallinae

67
Q

Northern fowl mite (common)

A

Ornithonyssus sylvarium

68
Q

Sarcoptes mite that causes hyperkeratosis

A

Knemidocoptes mutans

69
Q

Fowl tick; vector for ___________

A

Argus persicus; Borrelia anserina, pox, erysipelothrix

70
Q

What causes exudative diathesis in young turkey poults?

A

Selenium vitamin E deficiency

71
Q

Psittacine circovirus that causes feather dystrophy and clubbing in psittacines

A

Psittacine beak and feather disease

72
Q

Cause of fibrous osteodystrophy in birds

A

Calcium deficiency

73
Q

What is osteopetrosis of the legs associated with?

A

Avian leukosis virus

74
Q

Pathognomonic finding for viral tenosynovitis; etiology?

A

Gastroc rupture and hemorrhage on heel; avian reovirus

75
Q

White spots in muscle of quail

A

Haemoproteus lophortyx (megaloschizonts)

76
Q

White spots in muscle of duck

A

Sarcocystis rileyi

77
Q

Cause of renal coccidiosis

A

Eimeria truncata

78
Q

Most common cause of death in budgies

A

Renal carcinoma

79
Q

Cause of salpingitis in a chicken? Duck?

A

E.Coli; Rhimerella anatipestifer

80
Q

Differentials for salpingitis

A

E.coli
Pasteurella multocida
Salmonella
Infectious bronchitis

81
Q

Differentials for renal tubular necrosis

A

Gout
Infectious bronchitis virus (coronavirus)
Avian nephritis virus (astrovirus)

Gross Pathology (21 decks)

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