Gross Pathology of Cattle- Nervous

Question 1

Causes of hydranencephaly (including gestation window)

Answer 1

75-125 days
Bluetongue virus (orbivirus)
Rift Valley fever virus (bunyavirus)
Pestivirus- BVD (less severe lesions)

Question 2

Cause of cerebellar hypoplasia (including gestation window)

Answer 2

125-160 days
In adults- Bovine pestivirus (BVD)
In young animals- parvovirus

Question 3

Gross lesions: thin gyri, deep sulci, inapparent white matter (hypomyelinosis)

Answer 3

Beta mannosidosis in Salers calves

Question 4

Cause of encephalitis in calves

Answer 4

Coliforms
Traumatic dehorning

Question 5

What is cerebellar coning due to? Cause?

Answer 5

Swelling of brain; TEM (histophilus somni)

Question 6

Cause of suppurative otitis?

Answer 6

Mycoplasma bovis

Question 7

Gross lesions with rhomboencephalitic Listeria

Answer 7

Pinpoint hemorrhages and necrosis of brainstem

Morph: necrohemorrhagic and suppurative rhomboencephalitis

Question 8

What causes yellow lesions in the brain?

Answer 8

Mycobacterium bovis

Question 9

Cause of pink brain and morph?

Answer 9

Babesia bovis; cerebral congestion

Question 10

What is polioencephalomalacia?

Answer 10

Malacia and hemorrhage in the grey matter

Question 11

What are causes of polioencephalomalacia?

Answer 11

Thiaminase
Thiamine deficiency (bracken fern binds thiamine)
High sulfur diet (cleaves thiamine)
Lead toxicity
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (not technically PEM, but causes hemorrhage and necrosis of grey matter in deeper tissues)

Question 12

Neoplasia in the brachial plexus

Answer 12

Nerve sheath tumor
Lymphoma

Question 13

Cause of corneal ulcers

Answer 13

Moraxella bovis