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RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS > Grevemeyer's Articles Questions > Flashcards

Grevemeyer's Articles Questions Flashcards

1
Q
  • Which of the following is false about the donkey?
    • Nasogastric tube often gets entrapped in the enlarged pharyngeal recess
    • A smaller diameter nasopharyngeal tube is required for the donkey in comparison to the horse
    • The donkey has 5 lumbar vertebrae while the horse has 6
      • The cutaneous colli muscle covers the lower 1/3 of the jugular furrow
A

The cutaneous colli muscle covers the lower 1/3 of the jugular furrow – MIDDLE 1/3

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2
Q

A female donkey is called

A

Jenny/Jennet

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3
Q

A male donkey is called a

A

Jack

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4
Q

A castrated donkey is a

A

Gelding

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5
Q

A jack bred to a mare produces a

A

Mule

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6
Q

A stallion bred to a jenny produces a

A

Hinny

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7
Q

T/F Horses and donkeys have the same number of chromosomes.

A

FALSE - Donkey – 62, Horse – 64

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8
Q

A wound is considered infected when there are more than _______ bacteria

A

10^6 per gram tissue

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9
Q
  • All of the following will decrease wound healing when present in the wound EXCEPT
    • IPFs
    • Hemoglobin
    • Glove powder
    • Ferric iron
    • All of the above decrease wound healing
A

All of the above decrease wound healing

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10
Q
  • The product ketanserin used recently in equine medicine to aid in wound repair has what mechanism of action?
A

Serotonin receptor

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11
Q

T/F:

  • Wounds created by impact injury are 100x more likely to develop a wound infection then those by shearing forces.
A
  • TRUE – Impact injury, such as a kick from a horse creates a substantial amount of soft tissue damage while simultaneously cutting off blood supply to that area.
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12
Q
  • The product ketanserin is best used to accomplish which goal in wound management?
A

Decrease the development of proud flesh

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13
Q

T/F:

  • Large animal wound infection rates are higher then small animal wound infection rates.
A

TRUE

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14
Q

T/F:

  • Hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, and povidone iodine are all recommended for lavage of wounds.
A

FALSE

  • Hydrogen peroxide has a narrow antimicrobial spectrum and disrupts fibroblasts & vasculature
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15
Q

T/F:

  • Povidone iodine has killing affect against FUNGI but chlorhexidine does not.
A

TRUE – also there is no report of antimicrobial resistance against povidone iodine. Whereas proteus and pseudomonas have been reported to be resistant to CHX

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16
Q
  • All of the following are possible desirable affects of sugar or honey when applied to a wound EXCEPT:
    • Macrophage activation
    • Antimicrobial properties
    • Initiation of epithelialization
    • Up regulation of cytokines
    • Inhibition of fibroplasia
A

Inhibition of fibroplasia

17
Q
  • T/F:
    • Without surgical or chemical debridement by the surgeon or veterinarian, the body has no mechanisms with which to debride the wound
A

FALSE - Neutrophils & other phagocytes are the natural debriders of the wound world

18
Q
  • T/F: The stage in which the veterinary surgeon has the most influence is the proliferative stage.
A

FALSE -INFLAMMATORY STAGE

19
Q
  • If one of the testes cannot be located during routine castration
    • Neither testis should be removed and the horse should be referred or scheduled for cryptorchid castration
    • The horse is a monorchid
    • Ventral midline laparotomy should be done immediately to locate the intraabdominal testis
    • The descended testis should be removed and the horse should be referred to a sx facility for removal of the retained testis
A

Neither testis should be removed and the horse should be referred or scheduled for cryptorchid castration

20
Q
  • T/F: Post-castration EDEMA
    • Is common, usually self-limiting and resolves with adequate exercise and drainage
A

TRUE

21
Q
  • Excessive HEMORRHAGE during castration
    • Usually originates from the vascular spermatic cord and may result from improper or inadequate emasculation of the vascular structures
    • Predisposes the horse to eventration
    • Is rarely life threatening and requires no additional therapy
    • Should be addressed by reapplication of the emasculator or placement of a clamp or ligature
    • A and D
A

A and D:

Usually originates from the vascular spermatic cord and may result from improper or inadequate emasculation of the vascular structures

Should be addressed by reapplication of the emasculator or placement of a clamp or ligature

22
Q
  • Incision of the CORPUS CAVERNOSUM penis during castration
    • Requires sx reapposition of the tunic to avoid further complications
    • Is of little consequence and can be left to heal by second intention
    • Is a frequent complication of castration
    • Requires immediate penile amputation
A

Requires sx reapposition of the tunic to avoid further complications

23
Q
  • Postcastration eventration:
  • Only occurs after use of the open technique of castration
  • Can occur up to 6 days after castration
  • Is usually self limiting and reduces spontaneously
  • Is more likely to occur in arabs and other high strung breeds
  • C and D
A

Can occur up to 6 days after castration

24
Q

Prolapse of the omentum from the scrotal wound:

  • Warrants euthanasia because of the poor prognosis
  • Should be corrected by transrectal palp and steady traction on the abdominal portion of the omentum
  • Can be managed by emasculation of the prolapsed tissue in simple cases but may require sx correction thru an inguinal approach
  • Can occur months to years after castration
  • A and D
A
  • Can be managed by emasculation of the prolapsed tissue in simple cases but may require sx correction thru an inguinal approach
25
Q

Schirrous cord:

  • Refers to chronic low grade staph infx that results in formation of abscesses and fibrous tissue
  • Warrants euthanasia because of the poor prognosis
  • Can occur months to years after castration
  • Is caused by a clostridial infx of the scrotal wound
  • A and C
A

A and C

Refers to chronic low grade staph infx that results in formation of abscesses and fibrous tissue

Can occur months to years after castration

26
Q
  • Postcastration peritonitis
    • Is considered septic when nucleated cell counts of the abdominal fluid exceed 10,000 cells/ul
    • Is more likely to result from the open technique of castration
    • Is usually inflammatory and self limiting, but sepsis should be suspected if degenerative neuts and phagocytized bacti are evident on cytologic studies
    • Does not occur because the vaginal tunic does not communicate with the abdomen
    • A and B
A

Is usually inflammatory and self limiting, but sepsis should be suspected if degenerative neuts and phagocytized bacti are evident on cytologic studies

27
Q
  • Persistent masculine behavior after castration
    • Results from failure to remove the epididymis during castration
    • Can result from failure to remove testicular tissue during castration of a cryptorchid animal
    • Does not occur
    • Can be controlled with admin of benztropine mesylate
A

Can result from failure to remove testicular tissue during castration of a cryptorchid animal

28
Q
  • Hydrocele is
    • A common complication of the closed technique of castration
    • A result of infx of the spermatic cord
    • The accumulation of serous fluid within the vaginal cavity
    • More common following the open technique of castration
    • C and D
A

C and D

The accumulation of serous fluid within the vaginal cavity

More common following the open technique of castration

29
Q
  • Cryptorchidism: Abdominal retention of the testis
    • Is most common on the right side
    • Is most common on the left side
    • Is equally common on both sides
    • Does not occur
A

Is most common on the left side

30
Q
  • The testis usually enters the scrotum
    • At day 100 – 150 of gestation
    • At day 275 of gestation to 10 days before birth
    • At day 315 of gestation to 10 days after birth
    • 3 wks after birth
A

At day 315 of gestation to 10 days after birth

31
Q
  • The fetal mesenchymal attachment from the caudal aspect of the fetal testis to the scrotum is the
    • Inguinal canal
    • Gubernaculum
    • Epididymis
    • Vaginal process
A

Gubernaculum

32
Q
  • Cryptorchidism is caused by
    • Mechanical factors
    • Hormonal factors
    • Genetic factors
    • Mechanisms that are not precisely known
A

Mechanisms that are not precisely known

33
Q
  • The superficial inguinal ring is
    • Slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle
    • Slit in the aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
    • Bound cranially and caudally by the rectus abdominus muscle
    • None of the above
A
  • Slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle
34
Q
  • Geldings generally have a serum testosterone conc of how many pg/ml?
    • 200 – 300
    • 100 – 200
    • Greater than 75
    • Less than 40
A

Less than 40

35
Q
  • The hCG stim test stimulates testosterone production by which cells of the testis?
    • Leydigs
    • Cortical
    • Sertoli
    • None of the above
A

Leydigs

36
Q
  • Histo section of a retained testis will demonstrate
    • Spermatogenesis
    • Signs of hyperplastic seminiferous tubules
    • Inhibition of spermatogenesis
    • Enlarged sertoli cells
A

Inhibition of spermatogenesis

37
Q
  • Comparison of left and right sided testicular retention indicates
    • A greater frequency on left
    • A greater frequency on the right
    • A greater frequency on the left in horses up to 3yrs old
    • Nearly equal frequency on both sides
A

Nearly equal frequency on both sides

38
Q
  • The cranial, caudal and ventromedial borders of the deep inguinal ring are the
    • Caudal edge of the external abdominal oblique muscle, the pelvis and inguinal lig and the rectus abdominis muscle and prepubic tendon
    • Caudal edge of the internal abdominal oblique muscle, the pelvis and inguinal lig and the external abdominal oblique muscle and prepubic tendon
    • Caudal edge of the internal abdominal oblique muscle, the pelvis and inguinal lig, and the rectus abdominis muscle and prepubic tendon
    • Caudal edge of the rectus abdominis muscle, the pelvis and inguinal lig and the rectus abdominis muscle and prepubic tendon
A

Caudal edge of the internal abdominal oblique muscle, the pelvis and inguinal lig, and the rectus abdominis muscle and prepubic tendon

39
Q
A

RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS (24 decks)

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