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RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS > Exam 2: Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Exam 2: Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

A condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea and irritate it

A

Entropion

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2
Q

How is entropion treated?

A

Inject saline into eyelid and suture

with simple interrupted sutures

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3
Q

A full-thickness defect in the eyelid

A

Eyelid coloboma

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4
Q

What type of surgical technique is used for

removal of squamous cell carcinoma near the eye?

A

Sliding Flap technique and Burow’s triangles

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5
Q

There are no blood vessels in a normal healthy ______

A

cornea

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6
Q

Corneal stroma is made of collagen

arranged in a _______ fashion

to make it transparent

A

parallel

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7
Q

Name the layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost

A

Tear film

Corneal epithelium

Corneal stroma

Descemet’s membrane

Endothelium

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8
Q

This layer of the cornea is the thickest

and is composed of collagen arranged in a parallel manner

A

Corneal stroma

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9
Q

The innermost layer of the cornea,

the endothelium is _____ layer thick

A

1

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10
Q

Inflammation of the cornea is known as

A

Keratitis

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of keratitis (corneal inflammation)?

A

Blepharospasm

Epiphora

Corneal edema

Corneal opacity

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12
Q

What type of block can you use to

inhibit blepharospasm in a horse?

A

Infraorbital block of the frontal nerve

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13
Q

Squinting of the eye due to pain is known as

A

blepharospasm

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14
Q

Why does the eye appear cloudy when corneal edema is present?

A

fluid in the stromal area causes collagen fibers to

be disorganized, resulting in the cloudy appearance

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15
Q

What test is used to diagnose keratitis?

A

Fluorescein test

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16
Q

What layer of the cornea is stained with

the fluorescein test?

A

Stroma

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17
Q

In normal corneal healing,

the cornea heals via this mechanism

A

Cell Sliding

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18
Q

Why does a corneal ulcer form?

A

Bacteria invade an epithelial defect in the cornea

causing tissue destruction and eventually

corneal perforation

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19
Q

What can the pattern of corneal vascularization tell you?

A

Depth of corneal ulcer

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20
Q

If you see corneal vascularization in a

circular or branching pattern,

how deep is the ulcer?

A

Superficial

21
Q

What type of corneal vascularization pattern

do you expect to see in cases of a deep ulcer?

A

STRAIGHT pattern

22
Q

Upon corneal inspection, you see

anastomosis of circular branching patterns and straight patterns

in corneal vascularization.

What does this tell you?

A

The problem is CHRONIC

23
Q

________ swabs are used to culture

infections of the cornea

because cotton swabs have enzymes that can

mask some infections

A

synthetic

24
Q

What surgical technique is used to treat

and undermined/deep corneal ulcers

after swabbing and trimming with a curette?

A

Conjunctival pedicle flap

brings more blood vessels to the area to help heal

25
Q

You see an opacity and stain it with fluorescein, but there

is no uptake of the dye. The epithelial surface is uneven.

What is your dx?

A

Stromal Infection

26
Q

What causes an iris prolapse (Staphyloma)?

A

An infection that is too deep ruptures into the anterior chamber.

The iris washes anteriorly, meaning it is pulled

against the cornea to plug the hole.

NEVER TOUCH THE IRIS- bleeds profusely

27
Q

an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused by infection

A

Endophthalmitis

28
Q

How is Endophthalmitis treated?

A

exenteration of the eyeball (complete removal)

29
Q

Lens luxation occurs when the lens capsule separates 360° from the zonules. This can eventually lead to

_________ formation

A

cataract

30
Q

How is lens luxation treated?

A

Lens extraction

31
Q

Describe what happens post-op lens extraction

A

Phthisis bulbi (a shrunken, non-functional eye) occurs.

Hyaluronic acid is used to fill the anterior chamber

32
Q

This condition is known by all of the following names:

Uveitis

Iridocyclitis (iris inflammation)

Periodic ophthalmia (conjunctivitis, eye inflammation)

Moon Blindness

A

Equine Recurrent Uveitis

33
Q

Equine Recurrent Uveitis is also known as

A

Moon Blindness

34
Q

What is the most common cause of blindness in horses?

A

Moon Blindness (Equine Recurrent Uveitis)

35
Q

What 3 components comprise the uvea?

A

Iris

Ciliary Body

Choroid

36
Q

Inflammation of the entire vascular tunic of the eye

A

Uveitis

37
Q

Moon Blindness (Equine Recurrent Uveitis)

is common in this breed of horses

A

APPALOOSAS

(Moo**n-Appal**oosas)

38
Q

The prevalence of Moon Blindness (Equine Recurrent Uveitis) is _____% of all horses

A

12%

39
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with

Equine Recurrent Uveitis/Moon Blindness?

A

PAIN (acute)

Photophobia, Blepharospasm, Lacrimation

Conjunctivitis

Hypopyon (inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye)

Miosis (pupil constriction)

40
Q

Posterior Synechiae

is seen in ________ cases of

ERU/Moon Blindness

A

chronic/recurrent acute

41
Q

eye condition where the iris adheres to the lens

A

posterior synechiae

42
Q

What is going on with this eye?

A

Posterior Synechiae

(caused by ERU/moon blindness)

43
Q

After the acute phase of ERU/moon blindness,

the eye is dilated using _______

which tears the iris from the lens and causes black dots

characteristic of posterior synechiae

A

Atropine

44
Q

How is ERU/moon blindness diagnosed?

A

Ultrasound to look at posterior structures

especially retinal detachment

45
Q

What medications are used in the treatment of

ERU/moon blindness?

A

Analgesics- phenylbutazone

Mydriatics (pupil dilation)- atropine

Topicals- corticosteroids

46
Q

What surgical method is used in the treatment of

ERU/moon blindness?

A

Vitrectomy (removes floaters)

47
Q

What tools are required to perform a Vitrectomy?

A

Vitreous cutter and suction

Eye prosthesis

48
Q

What are “floaters”?

A

Inflammatory by-products in the vitreous humor

RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS (24 decks)

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