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RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS > Exam 2: Equine Sarcoids and Melanoma > Flashcards

Exam 2: Equine Sarcoids and Melanoma Flashcards

1
Q

This spontaneous, locally invasive, fibroblastic skin tumor

is the most common tumor on the horse.

A

Sarcoids

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2
Q

T/F: Sarcoids are usually metastatic tumors

A

FALSE

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3
Q

What is the etiology of equine sarcoids?

A

Bovine Papilloma Virus (BPV)

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4
Q

What do you expect to see on histology of a sarcoid lesion?

A

Hyperplastic/keratotic epidermis

RETE-PEG formation

Irregularly arranged fibroblasts (WHORLS)

NO invasion of underlying muscle

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5
Q

This treatment for Sarcoids has a success rate of 96%

A

Chemotherapy

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6
Q

Which chemotherapeutical agent is used to treat sarcoids and

hows is it given?

A

Cisplatin- 4 intratumoral injections 2 weeks apart

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7
Q

What is the treatment of choice for sarcoids that are disseminated throughout the body?

A

BCG (Bacillus-Calmette-Guerrin) Immunotherapy

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8
Q

What are the types of sarcoids?

A

Fibroblastic (proud-flesh like)

Verrucous (wart-like)

Occult (slightly raised)

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9
Q

T/F:

Sarcoids can regress on their own if they are small enough

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What are 5 differentials that should be on your list if you suspect sarcoids?

A

Exuberent granulation tissue

Fibrosarcoma

Cutaneous habronemiasis

SCC

Dermatophytosis (resembles verrucous sarcoids)

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11
Q

What are the 6 ways you can treat sarcoids?

A

Spontaneous regression

Surgical excision

Cryosurgery

Radiation

Chemotherapy

BCG Immunotherapy

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12
Q

___________ are tumors that arise from the malignant transformation of

normal melanocytes

A

Melanomas

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13
Q

This is the SECOND most common tumor in horses

A

Melanomas

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14
Q

What type of horses are melanomas most commonly seen in?

A

GRAY horses, OLD horses

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15
Q

What are the types of melanomas?

A

Slow-growing

Benign

Malignant

Metastatic

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16
Q

What are the most common locations to see melanomas?

A

Perineal region (most common)

Ventral tail

Lips

17
Q

T/F:

Melanomas found growing on intestines can cause colic

A

FALSE!

Melanomas DO NOT grow on intestines,

but they CAN cause colic (especially if in the perineal region and ulcerate)

18
Q

How is diagnosis of melanoma confirmed?

A

Biopsy

19
Q

What are the most common areas to see sarcoids?

A

Head, legs, ventral abdomen

20
Q

What type of surgery is indicated for a melanoma in the eyelid region?

A

Sliding Flap Technique

(with creation of Burow’s triangles)

21
Q

For surgery in the eyelid region to remove a melanoma,

the Sliding Flap Technique is used.

It is important to remember not to undermine > ______ cm;

any larger and the area with SLOUGH!

A

4 cm (2 inches)

22
Q

T/F: Melanomas in the perineal region must be surgically resected

A

FALSE! Cannot do surgery on the perineal area

23
Q

This medication is used systemically as a non-specific treatment for melanomas.

It is an H2-receptor antagonist that blocks pigment synthesis

A

CIMETIDINE

24
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Burow’s Triangles

25
Q

What is your diagnosis upon seeing this on histopathology

of a mass removed from the perineal area of a gray horse?

A

Melanoma

26
Q

What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

Melanoma

27
Q

This mass was seen on the leg of a horse. It is mushrooming in appearance

with an ulcerated surface that bleeds easily.

What is your primary ddx?

A

FIBROBLASTIC SARCOID

28
Q

Classify this sarcoid, found cranial and medial to this horse’s eye.

A

OCCULT sarcoid

29
Q

This is seen on histology of a mass removed from the

ventral abdomen of a horse. What is your primary ddx and why?

A

SARCOID!

Can see the epidermal component with epithelial pegs extending deep into the

underlying tissue

30
Q

Healing of cryosurgical sites is always by__________

A

2nd intention

31
Q

What is the best treatment for LARGE sarcoids?

A

surgical excision followed by cryotherapy

32
Q

BCG, used in the treatment of small sarcoids in inaccessible areas via immune stimulation

is an attenuated strain of this bacteria

A

Mycobacterium bovis

33
Q

The prevalence rate of melanomas can be as high as ______% in adult gray horses

A

80%!!

34
Q

If left untreated, ________ of all melanomas can progress to malignancy

A

2/3

35
Q

T/F: Melanomas are more likely to be malignant in gray horses

A

FALSE!

More likely to be malignant in NON-GRAY horses, even though overall prevalence is highest in grays

36
Q

Hyperthermia can be used to treat ___________

while

Cryotherapy can be used to treat __________

A

Hyperthermia- MELANOMA

Cryotherapy- SARCOIDS

37
Q

This spleen was seen on necropsy of a horse with a large, necrotic, dermal lesion

at the base of its tail. What is your primary ddx?

A

Melanoma that had metastatized to the spleen

RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS (24 decks)

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