Exam 2: Bone Spavin and P1 Fractures Flashcards
The layterm for DJD of the distal intertarsal (DIT) and
tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints.
It is a common cause of hindlimb lameness in the horse
Bone Spavin
The hock joint is made up of 4 joint spaces.
Name them from proximal to distal:
Proximal to distal:
Tibiotarsal
PIT
DIT
TMT
The _______ aspect of the joint
is the most common place to see Bone Spavin
medial
Poor conformation predisposed to
______________
Osteoarthritis
What are two examples of poor conformation that
can predispose for osteoarthritis in the equine?
Sickle hocked
Cow hocked
The conformation where the back leg joints of a horse
are set with too much angle,
resulting in the hock also being excessively angled.
This can result in uneven hoof wear,
and eventually osteoarthritis
SICKLE-hocked
The conformation in an equine where the
back ‘knee’ is set inward,
resulting in a splayed look in the back legs.
This can result in the uneven wearing of hooves,
and eventually osteoarthritis
COW-hocked
Out of the 4 joints that make up the hock,
which 2 joints always communicate?
Tibiotarsal and PIT
(the most proximal joints)
What do you expect to see on rads
of an animal with bone spavin?
Osteophyte formation
What bone is the arrow pointing to?
Central tarsal bone
What grade is this bone spavin?
Grade 1
small osteophyte distolateral central tarsal bone
What bone is this arrow pointing to?
What grade is this bone spavin?
MT3 (3rd metatarsal bone)
Grade 2
Small osteophyte proximal dorsolateral MT3
What bone is this arrow pointing to?
What grade is this bone spavin?
Central Tarsal Bone
Grade 3
medium osteophyte distomedial central tarsal bone
What bone is this arrow pointing to?
What grade is this bone spavin?
MT3 bone
Grade 4
large osteophyte proximal dorsolateral MT3 bone
What are the causes of bone spavin?
Chronic repetitive compression
Torsion
Shear strains
What type of horses are bone spavins
most common in?
WESTERN performance horses
This test is a specific for hock lameness,
if the horse FLEXES and ABDUCTS the leg.
Digital pressure should also be applied
to the area of the cunean bursa in search of sensitivity.
Church Hill Hock Test
Describe how to perform a spavin test
- The horse is trotted to determine the degree of lameness
- The lame proximal hind leg is flexed for 90 seconds
- The horse is trotted again to see if lameness has worsened
If the horse’s lameness is worsened = Positive Spavin Test
What is going on in this image?
Spavin Test
Proximal hind limb flexion
How is bone spavin diagnosed?
Lameness evaluation: Church Hill Test, Spavin Test
Advanced imaging: Nuclear Scintigraphy, MRI, CT
What type of advanced imaging would be
best to use to detect a
cortical bone disease or stress fracture?
Nuclear scintigraphy
What type of advanced imaging would be
best to use to detail
soft and hard tissues in joints,
and is as good as arthroscopy for detecting
subchondral lesions?
MRI
What choices for conservative medical management
are available in the treatment of bone spavin?
IA injections- corticosteroids, chondroprotex, auto anti-inflamms
Phenylbutazone
Exercise adaptation
Corrective shoeing
What are your surgical options for treatment
of bone spavin (osteoarthritis)?
Cunean Tenectomy
Ankylosis (of TMT and DIT)
Transarticular Drilling
Laser-Facilitated Ankylosis
Ethyl Alcohol Facilitate Ankylosis
Monoiodoacetate
