Exam 2: Hernias Flashcards
What are the 3 categories of abdominal hernias?
Reducible
Incarcerated (Non-reducible)
Stragulated
What are the 3 portions of a hernia?
Ring
Sac
Contents
A true hernia is also known as an ________ hernia
indirect
A false hernia is also known as a _________ hernia
direct
This type of hernia is characterized by
components coming through an aperature,
and consisting of a complete peritoneal sac
True-Indirect hernia
A false-direct hernia does NOT contain a peritoneal sac,
and is usually created by ________
trauma
The most commonly seen inguinal hernia in horses
Indirect-True INGUINAL hernia
T/F:
Unilateral congenital inguinal hernias are more common
than bilateral congenital inguinal hernias
TRUE
Congenital: unilateral > bilateral
Congenital inguinal hernias (seen most commonly in colts)
usually resolves spontaneously
by ________months of age
3 - 6 months
A _________ inguinal hernia
is seen 4 - 48 hours after birth in foals
ruptured
Ruptured inguinal hernias in
_____ horses are acquired and NON-reducible.
Adult
T/F:
In foals, inguinal hernias are congenital, reducible,
and non-painful
TRUE
The most common organs involved in
equine inguinal hernias
Distal Jejunum
+
Ileum
Equine inguinal hernias are usually this type
TRUE INDIRECT
In horses, an acquired inguinal hernia/rupture
requires EMERGENCY surgery
and the survival rate is _____%
76%
The open approach to surgical management of inguinal hernias
involves transection of the ___________
which attaches the vaginal sac to the scrotum
scrotal ligament
What is the purpose of performing a castration
on an animal that has had an acquired inguinal hernia?
To prevent recurrence
What surgical procedure is used to treat
inguinal hernias in foals?
Laparoscopic herniorrhapy
What surgical procedure is used to treat inguinal hernias
if you want to preserve viable testes?
Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty
Indirect inguinal hernias in cattle
are usually seen in mature bulls on the
LEFT side. Why?
increased pressure due to rumen
Indirect inguinal hernias are seen most often
in BEEF breeds, especially this breed in particular
Hereford
Indirect inguinal hernias are often CHRONIC in cattle
and lead to decreased _________ quality
semen
Herefords are more prone to Indirect inguinal hernias
due to their _________ conformation
hourglass
How are Indirect inguinal hernias
different from Direct inguinal hernias in cattle?
DIRECT has no side predilection and NO hourglass shape
The most common type of hernia seen in the horse
UMBILICAL hernias
(2% occurrence in foals)
Strangulated umbilical hernias are rare, non-reducible, and painful.
a Parietal ______ Hernia is caused when
the antimesenteric wall of the ileum becomes incarcerated
RICHTER
Umbilical Hernias:
Firm thickened hernia ring = ______ prognosis for repair
Thin/indistinct hernia ring = ______ prognosis for repair
Umbilical Hernias:
Firm thickened hernia ring = GOOD prognosis for repair
Thin/indistinct hernia ring = FAIR prognosis for repair
(potential increased complications)
What are the contents of umbilical hernias?
Subperitoneal fat, omentum, viscera (ileum or small intestine
most common)
T/F:
Umbilical hernias are almost always reducible
TRUE
Umbilical Hernias:
Hernias less than _______ cm in diameter
and reducible
can be treated conservatively
< 5 cm
Umbilical Hernias:
When is surgical intervention indicated?
If not spontaneously resolving by 4 months old
> 10 cm (4 inches) in diameter
DO NOT USE HERNIA CLAMPS IN FOALS.
Why?
Could be a Richter hernia
Increased tetanus risk
Direct surgical repair is recommended in foals.
What type of herniorrhaphy is preferred?
OPEN herniorrhaphy in foals
(hernia sac incised along edge of ring)
A Strangulated Umbilical Herniorrhaphy
involves a celiotomy ______ to the ring,
and en bloc resection of the lesion
CRANIAL
What is the post-op procedure for foals
after umbilical hernia sx?
Confined to box stall for 30 - 45 days
This type of hernia is the most common birth defect in cattle.
It is hereditary and seen in HOLSTEINS
UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia
In an UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia in a calf,
the hernial sac most commonly contains the
_________
ABOMASUM
What are the indications for conservative treatment of
UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia in a calf?
<5 cm
Reducible
No evidence of infection
(clamps, bands, bandages)
What type of surgical intervention is used
to treat UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernias >5cm long
in calves?
OPEN herniorrhaphy
Umbilical INFECTION in calves can be ID’d via palpation.
_______ dorsal hernia
or
_________ ventral mass adhered to skin
reducible
non-reducible
How is umbilical infection treated in calves?
OPEN Herniorrhaphy
+ Penicillin (while waiting for CS results)
Are post-op complications of herniorrhaphy
more common in calves or foals?
CALVES!
more common to have infection
In treatment of umbilical infection in calves,
OPEN herniorrhaphy with EN BLOC removal of umbilical remnants
is performed. This involves removing the
________ of the urinary bladder
Apex
The ______ is the most commonly infected umbilical remnant
urachus
Inflammation of the umbilical _____
is know as Omphalophlebitis
veins
Localized omphalophlebitis in calves can be
treated by ligating the umbilical vein and removing _______
en bloc
If omphalophlebitis in calves
extends cranially to involve the liver,
________ is required, which means
creating a 2nd incision and suturing the umbilical vein
to the body wall; allowed to heal via 2nd intention
marsupialization
