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RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS > Exam 2: Hernias > Flashcards

Exam 2: Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 categories of abdominal hernias?

A

Reducible

Incarcerated (Non-reducible)

Stragulated

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2
Q

What are the 3 portions of a hernia?

A

Ring

Sac

Contents

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3
Q

A true hernia is also known as an ________ hernia

A

indirect

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4
Q

A false hernia is also known as a _________ hernia

A

direct

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5
Q

This type of hernia is characterized by

components coming through an aperature,

and consisting of a complete peritoneal sac

A

True-Indirect hernia

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6
Q

A false-direct hernia does NOT contain a peritoneal sac,

and is usually created by ________

A

trauma

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7
Q

The most commonly seen inguinal hernia in horses

A

Indirect-True INGUINAL hernia

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8
Q

T/F:

Unilateral congenital inguinal hernias are more common

than bilateral congenital inguinal hernias

A

TRUE

Congenital: unilateral > bilateral

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9
Q

Congenital inguinal hernias (seen most commonly in colts)

usually resolves spontaneously

by ________months of age

A

3 - 6 months

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10
Q

A _________ inguinal hernia

is seen 4 - 48 hours after birth in foals

A

ruptured

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11
Q

Ruptured inguinal hernias in

_____ horses are acquired and NON-reducible.

A

Adult

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12
Q

T/F:

In foals, inguinal hernias are congenital, reducible,

and non-painful

A

TRUE

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13
Q

The most common organs involved in

equine inguinal hernias

A

Distal Jejunum

+

Ileum

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14
Q

Equine inguinal hernias are usually this type

A

TRUE INDIRECT

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15
Q

In horses, an acquired inguinal hernia/rupture

requires EMERGENCY surgery

and the survival rate is _____%

A

76%

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16
Q

The open approach to surgical management of inguinal hernias

involves transection of the ___________

which attaches the vaginal sac to the scrotum

A

scrotal ligament

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17
Q

What is the purpose of performing a castration

on an animal that has had an acquired inguinal hernia?

A

To prevent recurrence

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18
Q

What surgical procedure is used to treat

inguinal hernias in foals?

A

Laparoscopic herniorrhapy

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19
Q

What surgical procedure is used to treat inguinal hernias

if you want to preserve viable testes?

A

Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty

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20
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias in cattle

are usually seen in mature bulls on the

LEFT side. Why?

A

increased pressure due to rumen

21
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias are seen most often

in BEEF breeds, especially this breed in particular

A

Hereford

22
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias are often CHRONIC in cattle

and lead to decreased _________ quality

A

semen

23
Q

Herefords are more prone to Indirect inguinal hernias

due to their _________ conformation

A

hourglass

24
Q

How are Indirect inguinal hernias

different from Direct inguinal hernias in cattle?

A

DIRECT has no side predilection and NO hourglass shape

25
Q

The most common type of hernia seen in the horse

A

UMBILICAL hernias

(2% occurrence in foals)

26
Q

Strangulated umbilical hernias are rare, non-reducible, and painful.

a Parietal ______ Hernia is caused when

the antimesenteric wall of the ileum becomes incarcerated

A

RICHTER

27
Q

Umbilical Hernias:

Firm thickened hernia ring = ______ prognosis for repair

Thin/indistinct hernia ring = ______ prognosis for repair

A

Umbilical Hernias:

Firm thickened hernia ring = GOOD prognosis for repair

Thin/indistinct hernia ring = FAIR prognosis for repair

(potential increased complications)

28
Q

What are the contents of umbilical hernias?

A

Subperitoneal fat, omentum, viscera (ileum or small intestine

most common)

29
Q

T/F:

Umbilical hernias are almost always reducible

A

TRUE

30
Q

Umbilical Hernias:

Hernias less than _______ cm in diameter

and reducible

can be treated conservatively

A

< 5 cm

31
Q

Umbilical Hernias:

When is surgical intervention indicated?

A

If not spontaneously resolving by 4 months old

> 10 cm (4 inches) in diameter

32
Q

DO NOT USE HERNIA CLAMPS IN FOALS.

Why?

A

Could be a Richter hernia

Increased tetanus risk

33
Q

Direct surgical repair is recommended in foals.

What type of herniorrhaphy is preferred?

A

OPEN herniorrhaphy in foals

(hernia sac incised along edge of ring)

34
Q

A Strangulated Umbilical Herniorrhaphy

involves a celiotomy ______ to the ring,

and en bloc resection of the lesion

A

CRANIAL

35
Q

What is the post-op procedure for foals

after umbilical hernia sx?

A

Confined to box stall for 30 - 45 days

36
Q

This type of hernia is the most common birth defect in cattle.

It is hereditary and seen in HOLSTEINS

A

UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia

37
Q

In an UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia in a calf,

the hernial sac most commonly contains the

_________

A

ABOMASUM

38
Q

What are the indications for conservative treatment of

UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernia in a calf?

A

<5 cm

Reducible

No evidence of infection

(clamps, bands, bandages)

39
Q

What type of surgical intervention is used

to treat UNCOMPLICATED umbilical hernias >5cm long

in calves?

A

OPEN herniorrhaphy

40
Q

Umbilical INFECTION in calves can be ID’d via palpation.

_______ dorsal hernia

or

_________ ventral mass adhered to skin

A

reducible

non-reducible

41
Q

How is umbilical infection treated in calves?

A

OPEN Herniorrhaphy

+ Penicillin (while waiting for CS results)

42
Q

Are post-op complications of herniorrhaphy

more common in calves or foals?

A

CALVES!

more common to have infection

43
Q

In treatment of umbilical infection in calves,

OPEN herniorrhaphy with EN BLOC removal of umbilical remnants

is performed. This involves removing the

________ of the urinary bladder

A

Apex

44
Q

The ______ is the most commonly infected umbilical remnant

A

urachus

45
Q

Inflammation of the umbilical _____

is know as Omphalophlebitis

A

veins

46
Q

Localized omphalophlebitis in calves can be

treated by ligating the umbilical vein and removing _______

A

en bloc

47
Q

If omphalophlebitis in calves

extends cranially to involve the liver,

________ is required, which means

creating a 2nd incision and suturing the umbilical vein

to the body wall; allowed to heal via 2nd intention

A

marsupialization

48
Q
A

RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS (24 decks)

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