Exam 2: Ruminant Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards
If this nerve is damaged, the animal will not have a normal
ejaculatory response
Dorsal nerve
This artery supplies the corpus cavernosum of the penis
Deep artery of the penis
Muscular contraction of these 2 muscles,
and increased blood supply to the corpus cavernosum via the deep artery of the penis
result in erection
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
For penile examination in the bull,
what 2 meds can be used for sedation?
Xylazine
Acepromazine
This nerve block
blocks the supply to the retractor penis muscle
allowing for examination of the penis
Pudendal nerve block
What is the easiest way to exam the bull’s
reproductive system?
View a mating attempt
At what age should castration be performed
in bulls?
1 - 3 months old
What are the main points supporting the argument
for older castration in bulls?
Claim better growth WITHOUT implants
Claim that Callicrate banders
are the most humane way to castrate an animal
What 4 pieces of equipment can be used to
castrate a bull?
Newberry Knife
Elastrator
Callicrate
Burdizzo
What is this tool used in the castration of ruminants?
Newberry Knife
Name the castrating tool described by the following:
Firm band that stretches over neck of scrotum (testes distal)
and constricts until avascular necrosis of scrotum.
More commonly used in rams than in bulls.
Elastrator
What is this tool used in castration?
Elastrator
What is the biggest risk of using an Elastrator?
Leaves a large piece of avascular tissue
=
Risk of TETANUS
Name the castrating tool described by the following:
Tool used in older bulls for castration.
Pulls and clamps so tight, goes past the point of discomfort.
Callicrate
Name this castration tool
Callicrate
Name the castrating tool described by the following:
Clamps and crushes the ductus deferens and
vascular supply.
Must remember to stagger the clamp on opposite sides
or will have necrosis of whole scrotum
Burdizzo
What is this castration tool?
Burdizzo
Describe the cause and etiology of
ulcers of the preputial orifice
hair clipped too short
urine accumulates
urease-producing organisms produce ammonia
Ulceration, secondary infection
This type of ulcer occurs in
overweight rams that are confined and lay down a lot.
The ulcer forms from laying the prepuce against the ventral
abdomen- basically a bedsore.
It is seen dorsal to the preputial orifice.
Decubital ulcer
How are decubital ulcers treated?
SURGICAL EXCISION!
Cannot be treated conservatively!
Preputial prolapse is mostly seen in this type of cattle
due to their long, pendulous prepuces.
Bos Indicus
T/F:
Preputial prolapse is seen more commonly in dairy breeds
FALSE
Beef breeds- Angus
How is preputial prolapse treated?
Hold it against the body with a bandage
+
Exercise and hydrotherapy
Inability to EXTEND the penis is known as
Phimosis
Inability to RETRACT the penis is known as
Paraphimosis
A ring of inelastic tissue near the tip of the prepuce
that prevents retraction of the penis
Cicatrix
How is stenosis of the penis
(phimosis, paraphimosis)
treated?
SURGERY
Make longitudinal incision
and suture transversely.
NOT a circumferential incision- risk of cicatrix
Preputial avulsion/ penile laceration
is only seen in __________ bulls,
typically after return from a lay-off period
AI (artificial insemination bulls)
Preputial avulsion/ penile laceration
is treated via prompt _______
surgery- suture tear together
What is going on here?
Persistent Frenulum
T/F:
Persistent frenulum is an inherited condition
TRUE
Spiral deviation of the penis is caused by the
____________ slipping to the side
Apical ligament
Ventral deviation of the penis is known as
rainbow penis
How is ventral deviation of the penis
distinguised from erection failure?
Erection failure is characterized by a FLOPPY FLACCID penis.
Ventral deviation can still be hard.
Penile hematoma is caused by the
rupture of the ____________
tunica albuginea
The tunica albuginea always ruptures
___________, sometimes dorsally,
but NEVER ___________
The tunica albuginea always ruptures
dorsolaterally sometimes dorsally,
but NEVER VENTRAL
What prevents the tunica albuginea from rupturing
ventrally?
Retractor penis muscle
Vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles)
has biphasic onset.
What types of bulls are affected by this condition?
Young bulls
Older Mature bulls
What is the difference between
vesiculitis in a young bull and in
an older, mature bull?
Young bulls- often cure spontaneously
Older bulls- need surgery- Vesiculectomy
How is vesiculitis diagnosed?
Leukospermia
Rectal palpation
U/S
What are the methods of creating Teaser Bulls?
Vasectomy/Epididectomy
Penile Translocation
Preputial pouch
Anchoring sigmoid flexure
Pexy of retractor penis muscles
This procedure to create a teaser bull
involves moving the penis
so that it exits out the side of its flank
penis translocation
Teaser bulls are usually only useful for
about ______ years. After this, they become
frustrated, aggressive, or just stop working (decreased libido)
2 years
