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RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS > Exam 2: Splint Bone and Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fractures > Flashcards

Exam 2: Splint Bone and Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Metacarpus/Metatarsus 2 and 4

are better known as

A

Splint bones

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2
Q

Most splint bones articulate with carpal and tarsal bones,

except for ______,

which has minimal articulation and weight transfer

with the 4th tarsal bone

A

MT4

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3
Q

What are the causes of closed splint bone fractures?

A

Hyperextension of the fetlock

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4
Q

What are the causes of open splint bone fractures?

A

External trauma

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5
Q

T/F:

Many splint bone fractures can be treated

successfully with rest alone

A

TRUE

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6
Q

_______ desmitis (inflammation of the ligament)

can be related to splint bone fractures and

can result in PERSISTENT LAMENESS

A

Suspensory

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7
Q

Why is it important to evaluate splint bone fractures

using serial ULTRASOUND?

A

Because suspensory desmitis can be related to the fracture

and cause persistent lameness

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8
Q

What is the most common location for

a splint bone fracture?

A

DISTAL 1/3 of the bone

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9
Q

How are splint bone fractures diagnosed?

A

RADS + U/S

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10
Q

What type of radiograph is required for

dx of splint bone fracture?

A

DLpmo

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11
Q

What type of surgical procedure is indicated for

select cases of splint bone fracture?

A

Segmental Ostectomy

removal of fracture fragments and residual distal splint bone

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12
Q

During segmental ostectomy,

DO NOT REMOVE MORE THAN _________

of the DISTAL splint bone

A

2/3

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13
Q

Fracture of this splint bone is the

exception to the rule, and more than 2/3 of the distal splint

bone can be removed via segmental ostectomy

A

MT4

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14
Q

If you must remove greater than 2/3 of the distal splint bone,

_________ of the proximal fragment is necessary

A

internal fixation

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15
Q

If plating a splint bone fracture,

DO NOT ENGAGE ________,

because there is micromovement between them

and this will result in persistent lameness

A

MC3

Must remove plate within 3 months if MC3 is engaged

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16
Q

This radiographic view is used to diagnose

splint bone fractures

A

DLpmo

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17
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Splint bone fracture

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18
Q

A a benign outgrowth of cartilaginous tissue on a bone

is known as

A

exotosis

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19
Q

Splint exotosis is most common in

_____ horses, and usually affects

this particular splint bone

A

Splint exotosis is most common in

young horses, and usually affects

MC2

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20
Q

Splint exotosis usually occurs on the

______ aspect of the limb

A

medial

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21
Q

What can cause the condition seen on this radiograph?

A

Splint exotosis:

Direct trauma

Ligament inflammation (desmitis)

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22
Q

What are your conservative treatment options for

treatment of splint exotosis/proliferative periostitis?

A

Rest

NSAIDs

Local DMSO

Infiltration with CORTICOSTEROIDS

23
Q

En bloc removal is the surgical option for treatment of

splint exotosis/proliferative periostitis.

The most important aspect of post-op treatment is

A

EXCELLENT bandaging

or may recur

24
Q

For en bloc removal of splint exotosis/proliferative periostitis,

a tourniquet is placed proximally,

and an incision is made directly over the splint bone.

Why must you be careful not to move off of the

splint bone?

A

Because NEUROVASCULAR bundle is deep to it

25
Q

What 3 places are used to find a pulse in a horse?

A

Facial artery

Transverse Facial artery

Dorsal Metatarsal artery

26
Q

Describe the location of the

dorsal metatarsal artery

A

Runs between the lateral splint bone

MT4 and MT3

27
Q

What is your diagnosis?

A

Dorsal cortical fracture of MC3

28
Q

Dorsal cortical fractures of MC3 are categorized as

_________ fractures

A

stress

29
Q

Young horses with bucked shins are at risk for

this type of fracture

A

Dorsal cortical fracture of MC3

30
Q

How do you prevent bucked shins

which can help to avoid dorsal cortical stress fractures

of MC3?

A

Gait and Speed Training

Less long distance galloping

31
Q

How are dorsal cortical stress fractures of MC3

treated medically?

A

rest, NSAIDs, exercise programs

32
Q

How are dorsal cortical stress fractures of MC3

treated surgically?

A

Osteostixis (alone or in combo with a screw)

BEST is combination with screw removal at 60 days

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action

of osteostixis in the treatment of

dorsal cortical stress fractures of MC3?

A

Creates holes to bring mesenchymal cells

from the medullary canal to the surface

34
Q

For osteostixis, you must drill _______ to

the fracture and place a single

_________ 22mm positional screw

A

For osteostixis, you must drill perpendicular to

the fracture and place a single

unicortical 22mm positional screw

35
Q

6 - 8 osteostixis holes are drilled _____mm apart

and drilled towards the MEDULLARY CANAL

A

10 mm

36
Q

What is a saucer fracture?

A

A type of bucked shin fracture in which a

saucer shaped piece of bone is separated from the front of

the cannon bone (MC3)

37
Q

What is this radiograph showing?

A

Osteostixis and screw placement

for treatment of a dorsal cortical stress fracture of MC3

38
Q

Classify the proximal sesamoid bone fracture:

What is 1?

A

Apical

39
Q

2

Classify the proximal sesamoid bone fracture:

A

Mid-Body

40
Q

3

Classify the proximal sesamoid bone fracture:

A

Basal

41
Q

4

Classify the proximal sesamoid bone fracture:

A

Abaxial

42
Q

5

Classify the proximal sesamoid bone fracture:

A

Sagittal (Axial)

43
Q

6

Classify the proximal sesamoid bone fracture:

A

Comminuted

44
Q

What is the most common type of proximal

sesamoid bone fracture?

A

1: APICAL

45
Q

What are the causes of

proximal sesamoid bone fracture?

A

Excessive suspensory ligament tension

Trauma

46
Q

proximal sesamoid bone fractures

are most commonly seen in these types of horses

A

Racing breeds

47
Q

How are Apical sesamoid fractures treated?

What is the prognosis?

A

Arthroscopic removal

Prognosis = GOOD

48
Q

How are mid-body sesamoid fractures treated?

What is the prognosis?

A

Internal fixation with lag screw (best)

or cerclage wire

+

CAST

49
Q

How are Abaxial (#4) sesamoid fractures treated?

What is the prognosis?

A

Intra-articular = Arthroscopic removal

Extra-articular = Conservative management

Prognosis = Fair to Good

50
Q

This type of sesamoid bone fracture can be easily

missed on radiographs

A

Abaxial

51
Q

This type of radiograph is required in order

to see if an abaxial sesamoid fracture is intra-articular

A

60 degree skyline oblique

52
Q

This type of sesamoid fracture has a POOR prognosis

because it is the origin of all distal

sesamoidean ligaments

A

BASAL (#3)

53
Q

A basal sesamoid fracture is also known as

A

BUST UP

54
Q

There is an inverse relationship between

__________ length and return to racing

in regards to basal sesamoid fractures

A

dorsopalmar

RUSVM LASx PRACTICE QUESTIONS (24 decks)

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