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MS Theory > Greece-Basic, History, Wine Trade > Flashcards

Greece-Basic, History, Wine Trade Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Oenohoos?

A

proto-sommelier: responsible for blending wine/water (civil discourse vs drunkenness)

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2
Q

Where were the first French Vines planted?

A

Massalia → Greek settlement near Marseilles

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3
Q

Where did viticulture first begin in Greece? When? Who showed them?

A

Crete w/ Minoan Civilization

Likely from Near East → Egypt (2500 BCE)

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4
Q

Briefly outline timeline of Greek propagation of the vine in Europe

A
  1. 4000 BCE-Domestication of grapes in Northern Greece
  2. Viticulture begins on Crete by Minoans
  3. Then to Thera (aka, Santorini) → other Aegean Islands → Peloponnese and rest of mainland
  4. Greeks then continued propagation around Mediterranean, Black Sea, Danube River, almost to Austria
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5
Q

What are some Hallmark trends of Early Greek Wine Trade?

A

Transported in Clay amphorae sealed w/ pine resin (prevent oxidation)

Rarely drunk straight, Often cut w/ (sea) water, Flavored w/ herbs, spices, honey
**Regions began to be associated w/ regional flavor combos (early “taste of place”)

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6
Q

What era peaked the Ancient Greek wine Trade?

A

6th-4th BCE

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7
Q

What are some trends in Greek wine trade that developed during the Byzantine Era?

A

330-1330 CE

  • Wood casks replaced Amphorae (7th CE)
  • Passito style wines rose in popularity (most famous wines in Greece)
  • No more cutting with water, less flavorings (pine resin continued)
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8
Q

Which Greek agricultural product was biggest export during French Phylloxera epidemic?

A

Raisins

Used to steep in water to make “wine-like” broth

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9
Q

Which region saw the introduction of Phylloxera to Greece?

A

Macedonia

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10
Q

Which Co-op is still considered the most important in Greece? when and where was it founded?

A

Fd 1934

United Winemaking Agricultural Cooperative of Samos (UWC Samos)

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11
Q

What are important developments to Greek wine trade in 1980’s

A
  • Joined EU 1981
  • 1st Enology School in Athens
  • arrival of international grapes
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12
Q

What are common trends of Greek wine in 1990’s?

A

same trends as other regions

Over-extraction, high oak usage

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13
Q

Where does Greece line up on World Stage in terms of production?

A

16th or 17th largest producer of wine by country, but only 1% of world’s wine

61,500 ha under vine
28 mil cases produced

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14
Q

How much of Greek plantings involve indigenous varietals?

A

90% divided amongst 300 ind. grapes

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15
Q

What are the most planted grapes of Greece in descending order?

A 
Savatiano (16.5%)
Roditis
Agiorgitiko
Liatiko
Xinomavro
Muscat of Hamburg
Assyrtiko
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16
Q

What is the ave size of a Greek vineyard?

A

.5ha

17
Q

How many wineries are in Greece?

A

approx 1,100

18
Q

When was modern Greece wine law est.? What was its structure?

A

Introduced in 1969-70, codified in 1971

OPAP (top) → OPE → TO (“vin de pays”)

19
Q

when was Greek wine law restructured? To What?

A

2009

PDO (Protected Designation of Origin → PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) –> Varietal Wines –> Table Wines

OPAP and OPE combined into PDO

20
Q

How many PDOs of Greece? What % is white?

A

33 in total (49% white)

21
Q

Which 2 PDOs allow for international varieties? What grapes?

A

Slopes of Meliton (Limnio w/ CS, CF allowed)

Messenikola (Mavro Messenikola w/ 30% combined Syrah/Carignan allowed)

22
Q

What are requirements of PDO wines in Greece?

A

to qualify 100% fruit must be grown and vinified in appellation

may be labeled reserve, grande reserve

23
Q

How many PGIs of Greece?
% white?
How are they divided?

A 
120
61% white
-Regional
-District
-Area (can be a single vineyard)
24
Q

What are req’s of PGI wines in Greece?

A

85% grapes from region, 100% vinified in region

25
Q

Which 2 historical wines are allowed in Greek PGI?

A

Verdea

Retsina

26
Q

What are Req’s for Greek Varietal Wines?

A
  • Debuted 2011
  • Allowed grape, but no designation of origin
  • 85% min from stated vintage and variety
  • if multiple grapes listed, 100% from those grapes
27
Q

What qualities are not allowed on Greek Table Wine Labels?

A

No vintage, grapes, or region on label

28
Q

What is Greek term for unknown white grape?

A

Asproudi (Aspro=white)

29
Q

What is Greek term for ind. or unknown red grape

A

Mavroudi (mavro=black)

30
Q

What is Cava in Greek terms?

A

Cava= PGI and Varietal wines. Min oak aging

whites/rosés=1yr (incl 6 mo barrel)
Reds=3 yrs (incl 1 yr barrel)

31
Q

What is Paleomenos se Vareli?

A

PDO/PGI/Varietal wines labeled w/ cava. Means aged beyond stated requirements

32
Q

What does Grand Cru indicate for Greek wines?

A

Grand Cru=sweet wines, VdN, select vineyards and regions, usually high elevation

33
Q

What does Reserve/Grand(e) Reserve indicate for Greek wine?

A

Reserve=PDO wines. Min oak aging

  • Whites=1 yr (6 mo barrel, 3 mo btl)
  • Reds=2 yrs (min 12 mo barrel, 6 mo btl)

Grand(e) Reserve=PDO only. Min oak aging

  • Whites/Rosés=2 yrs (1 barrel+6 mo btl). Cannot be in larger than 600L
  • Reds=4 yrs (18 mo barrel+18 mo btl)
34
Q

What Peninsula does Greece occupy?

A

Balkan (34th-42nd parallel)

35
Q

What is the most major geo feature of Greece?

A

Mtns cover 70% of the country

3rd most Mountainous country of Europe behind Switzerland and Austria

36
Q

Which Mtn range is “spine of Greece?

A

Pindos

Southernmost extension of Alps
some of the mtns protrude as islands off the Peloponnese

37
Q

What is the tallest mtn of Greece? How tall? What region?

A

Mt. Olympus
3000M (9850 ft)
E Thessaly near Aegean

38
Q

What are the general soil types of Greece? What is unique about the country in this regard?

A

Some oceanic crusts extend from sea

Lots of Limestone, low in fertility

  • Santorini=volcanic island
  • Plains (Sterea Ellada)=Clay
  • Alluvial (fertile, silt, riverbeds, etc) along the coasts
  • Igneous (liquid hot MAG-ma) in Northern regions
39
Q

Which 3 seas border Greece?

A

Ionian
Aegean
Libyan (south of Crete)

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