Eastern Mediterranean Flashcards
Who is most responsible for the success of the modern Israeli wine industry? Why?
Baron Edmond de Rothschild
- Owner of Ch. Lafite, weathly Jewish-European family
- in the 1880s he invested State of the art equipment and cuttings from Lafite
- Winery established at this time is now Carmel
Which winery dominated the Israeli market in the 20th cent?
Carmel
1960s owned 90% of vineyards
Which major winery of Israel was founded in the 1980s?
Golan Heights (1983)
name a few boutique Israeli wineries est. in the 1990s
Ch. Margalit (1989), Dom. du Castel
What are primary tenants of Kosher winemaking?
- foundational principle is once harvested, grapes and wine are only handled by Sabbath-observing Jews
- Operations may not occur on Sabbath
- All materials must be kosher certified
what is mevushal?
most stringent kosher certification. Requires flash-pasteurization
Name some Kosher bottlings by international producers?
Ch. Smith Haut Lafitte
Ch. Valandraud
Ch de la Tour
González Byass (Tío Pepe)
What are primary varietals of Israel?
BDX and Rhône Reds (CS, Merlot, Shiraz, Carignan)
Whites (Chardonnay, SB, Viognier)
Ind Grapes (Marawi, Dabouki)
What is general topography of Golan Heights
Mountainous volcanic plateau
Where is Golan Heights in Israel?
NE corner of country, overlooks Lebanon and Syria
soils of Golan Heights?
tufa and basalt (volcanic derived)
What are subregions of Galilee
Upper and Lower Galilee
What is major geo feature of Galilee?
Lake Galilee
Where is Galilee in Israel?
meets Golan Heights to the West
major soils of Galilee?
diverse limestone, volcanic, terra rossa
What borders Upper Galilee to the North?
Lebanon’s Anti-Lebanon Range
Where is Mt. Tabor?
Lower Galilee
What is major geo feature of Judean Hills?
Central Mtn Range
soils of Judean Hills?
terra rossa topsoil w/ limestone
Where is the home of the OG Rothschild plantings in Israel?
Mt. Carmel in Judean Hills
What is Ancient Phoenicia credited with in regards to wine?
maritime traders credited w/ creating commercial wine trade
Who is largest producer in Lebanon today?
Ch. Ksara
est by Jesuit missionaries in 1857
What is major region of Lebanon?
Bekaa Valley (none official)
What 2 mtn ranges border Bekaa Valley?
Mt. Lebanon Range (West)
Anti-Lebanon Mtns (East)
What river runs through Bekaa Valley?
Litani River
soil of Bekaa Valley?
alluvial
What part of Bekaa Valley is most planted? Why?
“Western” (although geographically south) Bekaa
cooler, wetter area of the region
What are major varieties of Lebanon?
- BDX and Rhône Reds (CS, Merlot, CF, Syrah, Mourvèdre, etc
- French Whites (Chard, SB, Sémillon, Muscat)
- Ind. Whites (Obaideh, Merweh)
What are major varieties of Lebanon?
- BDX and Rhône Reds (CS, Merlot, CF, Syrah, Mourvèdre, etc
- French Whites (Chard, SB, Sémillon, Muscat)
- Ind. Whites (Obaideh, Merweh)
What country is most associated w/ Arak? What is it?
Lebanon
- Unsweetened, grape-derived, anise-flavored spirit
- Served similar to traditional abstinthe/pernod service
name producers of Lebanon
Ch Musar, Ch Ksara
What Mtn range is most important to Cyprus?
Troodos Mtn Range (central on island)
soil of Cyprus?
diverse volcanic
how many PDOs of Cyprus? How many are used?
7
only 1, Commandaria, is used
What is Commandaria?
- World’s oldest continually produced named wine produced on Cyprus
- Documented as early as 800 BCE
- Red Mavro and white Xynisteri, bush vines, sun-dried
What are PGIs of Cyprus
4, named after cities, preferred by producers
a. Larnaka
b. Lemesos
c. Lefkosia
d. Pafos
major grapes of Cyprus?
Ind reds
-Mavro Island’s most planted grape
Ind whites
- Xynisteri most planted white - Potential for quality - Means “lacking acidity”
Why is Turkey the 5th largest producer of wine grapes?
most used for Raki, an anise-flavors spirit like Arak
Where is the likely origin of the first domesticated grape vine? evidence?
Turkey
Archeological evidence of grape seeds as early as 9,000 BCE
What are major varieties of Turkey?
Int’l=CS, Merlot, SB, Grenache, Tempranillo favored by consumers
Ind=Öküzgözü, Kalecik Karası, Boğazkere (reds), Narince, Emir (whites)
What are major regions of Turkey?
all unofficial
Thrace
Aegean Area
Anatolia
Which region of Turkey is responsible for the majority of viticulture?
Aegean area is more than 1/2 of production
What is the name of Heineken’s Egyptian winery?
Gianaclis
What are 2 wineries of Jordan?
both Christian
St. George
Jordan River
What is major Mtn Range of Syria?
Coastal Mtn Range
What is predominant producer of Syria’s Coastal Mtn Range? Famous consultant?
Dom de Bargylus
Stéphane Derenoncourt
