France-Burgundy-History Flashcards
Who originally planted vines in Burg?
Celtic tribes over 2000 years ago
When did the Romans arrive in Bourg? Where did they plant?
52CE
Planted near Dijon
When was the first written evidence of winemaking in Bourg?
Constantine era in 312
Who are considered the First Burgundians? When did they arrive?
German Barbarian Tribesmen
arrived in 436 during Western Roman Empire collapse
What was the most dominant political power in Burg of the Middle Ages? Most prominent figures?
Catholic Church
Bishops Langres and Autun
What is the oldest climat of Burg? Brief history?
Chambertin-Clos de Bèze
620 earliest record of modern conception of Grand Cru vineyards
Gift from Duke Amalgaire (of Burgundy) to monks of Abbey of Bèze
When was the hill of Corton planted?
700s
Who are the 2 most influential monastic orders of Burg?
Benedictines (10th cent)
Cistercians (11th cent)
What are the general contributions of both Benedictines and Cistercians to Burg viticulture?
Benedictines (kept detailed records of weather and geology)
Cistercians (cleared and planted most of Côte d’Or’s most famous vineyards)
When was the Benedictine order fd? Named after whom?
910
St. Benedict
What was the main outpost of the Benedictines in Burg?
Abbaye of Cluny near modern Mâcon
What was the most well endowed monastery in W Europe in the 11th Cent?
Benedictine Abbaye of Cluny
Which Benedictine establishment was most responsible for receiving mass amounts of unplanted in land in Burg? When? Most famous vineyard acquisition?
Benedictine Priory St. Vivant de Vergy in 12th cent
Clos de Cinq Journaux, now RC
Brief history of the RC vineyard?
1131 Priory of St. Vivant de Vergy received mass land holdings as gifts including the “Clos de Cinq Journaux,” which is now RC
Who are the Cistercians?
A stricter monastic rule sprung from the Benedictine order known for hard work and unadorned lifestyles. Split from Benedictines believing they had grown greedy and lazy with vast endowments of money and land
What was the main outpost of the Cistercians? Fd when and where?
Abbaye of Cîteaux
Fd. 1098 near Dijon
What was the marquee vineyard of the Abbaye de Cîteaux?
Clos de Vougeot est between 12th-14th cent
Who are responsible for the early clos vineyards of Burg? Famous examples?
Cistercians walled most famous vineyards
Clos de Vougeot
Clos de Tart
Clos de Lambrays
Which modern GC was originally called Clos de la Forge?
est in 1141, now Clos de Tart
Which Cistercian Abbey most responsible for land acquisition in Yonne?
Abbey de Pontigny
What are défricheurs? Give some famous examples
“Land clearers”
reputation of Cistercians
Musigny, Echézeaux, Richebourg, Montrachet
What was the era of the Valois Dukes of Burg? Who were the 3 most imp?
1363-1477
Philip the Bold
Philip the Good
Charles the Bold
Who ordered the uprooting of Gamay in Burg?
Philip the Bold ordered uprooting of Gaamez in 1395 and planting of 10 best vineyards to PN
What is the earliest attempt at legal encépagement in Burg?
Philip the Bold ordering the uprooting of Gameez in 1395 and planting of PN
What was Philip the Good’s major contribution to the viti of Burg?
ordered uprooting of vines on flatlands and replantings on “Bonnes Costes” (good slopes) in 1441
Who was Charles the Bold? What happened to Burg during his rule?
Valois Duke who declared war of independence for Duchy of Burg against France
Died in battle w/ no sons
Duchy fell into hands of Louis XI, King of France, thus incorporating Chablis into Burg. Permanently
Why do Bourg’s vineyards have such fractured ownership?
Napoleonic Code of 1804
Declared all male sons inherited equally (women’s rights later)
What is Primogeniture?
Practice of 1st born son inheritance, ended by Napoleonic Code of 1804
when did the practice of labelling by prestigious climats become most common in Burg?
late 1700-early 1800’s as private ownership of vineyards began to take shape
What was the first major village of Burg to append the name of their most famous vineyard to their village name? When?
Gevrey-Chambertin 1847
What was the last major village of Burg to append the name of their most famous vineyard to their village name? When?
Auxey-Duresses 1928
When was the first Hospice de Beaune wine auction
1859
When does the Hospice de Beaune wine auction take place each year?
3rd Thurs of November
When did regulations change to allow anyone to bid on Hospice de Beaune barrels?
2005
Previously only for Burg producers
When was phylloxera introduced to Burg? Where?
Villé-Morgon in Bojo in 1874
How did producers combat phylloxera instead of replanting w/ Am rootstocks? Most famous example?
use of carbon disulfide
RC wasn’t replanted until after 1945 harvest
What are some of the positives of phylloxera in Burg?
- orderly replanting in Single-Guyot trellises
- Decreased overall plantings (flatlands not replanted)
When were climats of Cd’Or awarded UNESCO World Heritage site Status?
2015
When were first negoc houses est in Burg? Which?
1700s
Maison Champy and Maison Claude Marey fd 1720
When was Bouchard fd?
1731
What was major effect of Napoleonic Code on the wine trade in Burg?
allowed for rise of Négoc system
When did estate bottling begin in Burg? When did it finally become common?
1920s
1980s
Who are some early adopters of Estate bottled burg? Thanks to who?
Marquis d’Angerville, Henri Gouges, Armand Rousseau, Etienne Grivot, Tollot-Beaut
Convinced by Frank Shoonmaker (Am importer)
What is the ave size of a Burg domaine today?
7-8ha
what % of Burg wine sales belongs to négoc today?
60%
