glucose (ai)

Question 1

What is the most common monosaccharide in nature?

Answer 1

Glucose

Glucose is stable and is crucial for cellular respiration.

Question 2

What are the two forms of glucose?

Answer 2

Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose

alpha has oh on bottom
beta has oh on top

they are isomers of glucose

The -OH group orientation distinguishes the two forms.

Question 3

What is the primary function of starch in plants?

Answer 3

Energy store

Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin.

Question 4

What is glycogen’s role in animals?

Answer 4

Primary storage form of glucose

Glycogen is found in liver and muscle cells.

Question 5

How does the structure of glycogen facilitate glucose storage?

Answer 5

Branch coiled structure

This allows efficient storage and mobilization of glucose.

Question 6

Where is cellulose found in organisms?

Answer 6

Cell walls in plants

Cellulose provides structural support.

Question 7

What type of bonds link glucose monomers in amylose?

Answer 7

Alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds

Amylose can contain 300-3000 glucose units.

Question 8

How does amylopectin differ from amylose in structure?

Answer 8

Contains both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds

This branching allows for more efficient storage.

Question 9

What type of bonding gives cellulose its strength?

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonds

Cellulose forms microfibrils which provide strength to cell walls.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The -OH group of glucose in alpha-glucose is pointed _______.

Answer 10

downwards

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The -OH group of glucose in beta-glucose is pointed _______.

Answer 11

upwards

Question 12

True or False: Polysaccharides are made of glucose monomers.

Answer 12

True

Different polysaccharides are formed depending on the type and arrangement of glucose.

Question 13

What are the two types of glucose that can form polysaccharides?

Answer 13

Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose

Different combinations lead to different structures and properties.

Question 14

What is a key characteristic of glucose that allows it to be soluble in plasma?

Answer 14

It can form hydrogen bonds with water

This stability is important for its transport in the blood.

Question 15

What is the significance of the coiled structure in glycogen?

Answer 15

Facilitates efficient storage and mobilization of glucose

The branched structure allows quick access to glucose when needed.

Question 16

Where is glycogen primarily stored in the body?

Answer 16

Liver and muscle cells

It maintains blood glucose levels and provides energy during exercise.

Question 17

What type of structure does cellulose form?

Answer 17

Straight chains held together by hydrogen bonds

This results in strong bundles called microfibrils.