A2.2 (part 1)

Question 1

light microscope magnification

Answer 1

10 to 400 x

only used for living specimens

Question 2

spontaneous generation theory

Answer 2

organisms appear from non living matter, provn wrong by Hocks, by his seeing cells com uma microscope

Question 3

coverslip for microscope

Answer 3

place on 90 degreese angle

Question 4

stadge micrometer

Answer 4

ruler attatched to stadge

Question 5

eye piece graticule

Answer 5

grid on to measure things in microscopes

Question 6

iodine stains used for

Answer 6

plants

Question 7

methylene blue stain used for

Answer 7

animals

Question 8

gram staining

Answer 8

for bacteria, has + and -

Question 9

1mm is

Answer 9

m\ 1000 is mm\ 1000 is micrometers \ 1000 is nm

Question 10

electron microscope

Answer 10

black and white
dead speciminens

Question 11

how electron microscopes work

Answer 11

they shine beam of electrons through and they will pass through less dense areas but wil gt absorbed to dense ones (electrons have a shorter wave lenght than light so pass through

Question 12

freeze fracture microscopy technique

Answer 12

freeze sample
break
observe com electron

can observe things which normally are not visible, like intenal plasma membranes (mostly for membranes)

Question 13

cryogenic electron microscope

Answer 13

freeze to -180 degreese or colder which stops molcules from moving
this impvoes resolution and prevents electron beam damage

Question 14

immuo fluorescence microscope

Answer 14

better viualiation of sructures
fluro tag attatches to antigens and this will be shonwn as ight of diffrent colours

for study of diseases

(for light eu pensa)

Question 15

fluroscent dye

Answer 15

light microsopy

dye atttches to prefered substance, and will appear coloued

visualises drug delivery

Question 16

microscopes cant see

Answer 16

viruses

Question 17

paramecium

Answer 17

genus of unicellera protozoa
less than 0.25mm
in water (still ponds)
hetrotrophs
have cillia to move
divides for 2 daughter cells
sex and asex reproduction

Question 18

chlamydomonas

Answer 18

unicell green algae genus
in soil, fresh water, snowy mountains
10-30 micrometers
have chloroplast and “eye” which detects light (more light is more growth)
2 flagellas to move
sex and asex

Question 19

(animal) what do centrioles do

Answer 19

2 cylindrical organelle help division

Question 20

(animal e plant ) ribosomes

Answer 20

80s help protien synthesis

Question 21

lysosomes

Answer 21

membrane bound bag of hydrolytic enzymes which break down bio molecules, found in phagocytes

Question 22

rough and smooth endoplasmic reticlum

Answer 22

stores lipids and produces them

Question 23

cell wall

Answer 23

made of cellulose, prevents it from bursting due to hypotonic media

Question 24

glogi apparatus

Answer 24

packages proteis

Question 25

special cells nucleus

Answer 25

red blood cells- tem sem
skeletal cells have 2

Question 26

eukaryotic cells with more nucleus

Answer 26

multinucleate

Question 27

eukaryotic cell with less nucleus

Answer 27

anucleate

Question 28

cells with lose dna

Answer 28

prokaryotic (bacteria)

Question 29

cells wih bound dna

Answer 29

eukaryotic bound to histones

Question 30

vesicle (fungi)

Answer 30

transports e releases coisas broduced by cell by fusing woth cell mebrane

Question 31

cytoskeleton fung

Answer 31

protine fibers hold organelle in place and keeps shape of cell

Question 32

storage vaccuole fungi

Answer 32

molecule degration

Question 33

endosymbiosis

Answer 33

cells evolved from engulfing prokaryotic cells which then became organelle inside

Question 34

gene expressio can be

Answer 34

controlled by enviroment

Question 35

early embroy

Answer 35

cells are uspecialised, but as they grow they specilise

Question 36

cell aggregation

Answer 36

cell form clusters and share nutrience and protection, which leads to spesification