b1.2 syllabus

Question 1

essential amino acids vs non essential

Answer 1

essential we cant produce so need to eat

non essential our body can produce

vegans need to be careful to ensure they get sufficent amino acids

Question 2

that R-groups determine

Answer 2

the properties of assembled polypeptides.

R-groups are hydrophobic or hydrophilic and that hydrophilic R-groups are polar or charged, acidic or basic.

Question 3

that the sequence of amino acids and the precise position of each amino acid

Answer 3

within a structure determines the three-dimensional shape of proteins. Proteins therefore have precise,
predictable and repeatable structures, despite their complexity.

Question 4

secondary structure

Answer 4

of proteins
Include hydrogen bonding in regular positions to stabilize alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.

Question 5

hydrophibic interactions

Answer 5

when hydrophobic parts group together in water, keep cell membrane shape

Question 6

Hydrophobic describes the

Nonpolar refers to…..

Answer 6

he behavior of nonpolar substances in water

….. the lack of charge difference in a molecule,

Question 7

tertiary structure depends on

Answer 7

on hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide covalent bonds (formed by cytosine) and
hydrophobic interactions

Question 8

in teritary structure, that amine and
carboxyl groups in R-groups can become

Answer 8

positively or negatively charged by binding or dissociation of
hydrogen ions and that they can then participate in ionic bonding.

Question 9

globular
proteins.

Answer 9

are soluble in water,

hydrophobic amino acids are clustered in the core of

Question 10

Integral proteins have regions

Answer 10

with hydrophobic amino acids, helping them to embed in
membranes.

Question 11

non-conjugated proteins

Answer 11

Include insulin (globular)
collagen (fibrous

Question 12

conjugated protein

Answer 12

haemogloblin cause of heme group

Question 13

Fibrous proteins

Answer 13

are generally composed of long and narrow strands and have a structural role (they are something)

Question 14

Globular proteins

Answer 14

generally zhave a more compact and rounded shape and have functional roles (they do something)

Question 15

the core of a membrane is made of ……. and has a low

Answer 15

the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains

have low permeability to large molecules and hydrophilic particles, including ions and polar molecules, so
membranes function as effective barriers between aqueous solutions.

Question 16

simple diffusion

Answer 16

accross membrane, with o2 and co2

Question 17

what helps osmosis

Answer 17

aquaporins

channel proteins

have 4 monometric sub units

and polar channels

Question 18

channel proteins

Answer 18

used for facilitated diffusion, can be closed

allow specific membranes to diffuse through

Question 19

protien pumps

Answer 19

for active transport

usa atp

Question 20

Facilitated diffusion and active transport allow

Answer 20

selective permeability in membranes.

Question 21

sodium potassium pump

Answer 21

intergral protein

3 na out
2 k in

Question 22

simplem diffusion is not

Answer 22

selective, only depends on size e phobic or phillic

Question 23

glycoproteins and glycolipids

Answer 23

on extracellular side of membrane

work for cell adhesion and cell recognition