B2.2 syllabus Flashcards
fibrous vs globular proteins
fib- structural, less sensitive to enviro, insoluble in h2o, long narrow, regular aa
glob- round, functual, irregular aa, sensitivr to enviro, soluble in h2o (enzymes)
what is not considered a organelle
cell wall
cytoskeleton
cytoplams
what is considered a organelle
ribosomes
vesicles
nuclei
plasma memrbrane
advsntages of separation of activities
translation—post-transcriptional
modification of mRNA can happen before the mRNA meets ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
In prokaryotes
this is not possible—mRNA may immediately meet ribosomes.
B2.2.3—Advantages of compartmentalization in the cytoplasm of cells
higher concentration of metabolites and enzymes
the separation of incompatible biochemical
processes.
Include lysosomes wont digest cell this way and phagocytic vacuoles as examples.
Adaptations of the mitochondrion for production of ATP by aerobic cell respiration
a double membrane with a small volume of intermembrane space (high concentration of h+)
large
surface area of cristae
compartmentalization of enzymes and substrates of the Krebs cycle in the
matrix.
B2.2.5—Adaptations of the chloroplast for photosynthesis
adaptations: the large surface area of thylakoid membranes with photosystems,
small
volumes of fluid inside thylakoids,
and compartmentalization of enzymes and substrates of the Calvin
cycle in the stroma.
B2.2.6—Functional benefits of the double membrane of the nucleus
need for pores in the nuclear membrane and for the nucleus membrane to break into vesicles
during mitosis and meiosis.
free ribosomes
systhesise proteins for use in a cell
bound risbosomes
synthesise proteins for secretoon or use in lysosomes
role of glogi apparatus
to process and secrete proteins and lipids which come from the rer
what is clathrin
It is a protein and helps forming vesicles in cells.
fuction of vesicles
transport and store susbtsnces within a cell
how does the thing to help builf vesicles work
clathrin acts as a structure for vesicle forming and brings the necessary molecules needed to shape to form a vesicle. Then once formed, it breaks through hydrolysis back to pieces.
