c1.1 syllabus Flashcards
enzymes increase rate of reaction in cells by
lowering the activation energy
enzyms are
a biological catalist which can lower activation energy while not changing the products of a reaction or be affected by the reaction
many diffretnt enzymes are requires for
metabolism
anabolism examples
condensation (protein synthesis, photosynthesis )
BUILDING UP
catabolism
breaking down
hydrolysis, digestion, respiration
interactions of aa in the 3d shape
ensure active site has nessary properties for cayalysis
enzymes e sub bond with
an induced fit model where both the enzyme and substrate change shape a little
what is needed for substrates and enzymes to come together??
movement
sometimes the enzyme or substrate can be immobilised (being embedded in membrane)
enzyemes and susbrates sspecificity have a
complementary shape so they fit togethe. when enzymes are denatures they lose th 3d shape so will no longer fit together
enzyme + substrate =
ENZYME SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY
AS TEMP INCREASES
particles have more energy to move so more collisions will happen until optimun has been reached
intracellular enzyem catalysed reaction
glycolysis
krebs cycle
extracellular enzyem catalysed reaction
chemical digestion in gut
glycolysis is
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes
Cyclical and linear pathways in metabolism
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle as examples.
the Krebs cycle is the
2nd stage of respiration happening in the matrix of mitochondria
calvin cycle
reactions for sun light to glucose, using RuBisCo
other active site
allosteric site
end product inhibitor
basically when there ar e alot of propducts, the prodcuts can act as an inhibotor to stip the reaction to remain efficient
example of mechamisn based inhibition
penicillin
