Globalisation Flashcards
Palm oil + Antartica
How many hectares in Malaysia has been deforested for palm oil
14 million hectares, 7* wales
in 2019 how many hectares of Indonesia was removed for palm oil
324,000 ha
How much of Indonesia’s world trade is based on palm oil
90%
What are the political issues created by palm oil
Corruption - bribing officials to sell large areas of forest for money
For example Surya Darmadi was handed a 15 year prison for bribing officals to convert 36,420 hectares of forest to palm oil plantations in indonesia (half the size of new york city)- $2.9 billion fine
How many calories does palm oil provide in comparison to rape seed per 1m3
330g palm oil vs 70g rape seed
How much palm oil does the UK consume each year in tonnes
400,000 tonnes a year
How much has palm oil demand increased since the 1990s
7*
What are the social benefits provided by palm oil
Cheap food - high energy , investment into infrastructure (at the cost of the forest)
What are the social negatives of palm oil
Obesity and diabetes
Why has food security worsened
‘ghost acres’ areas of land used for export so crops don’t benefit locals
How much does palm oil contribute to Indonesia’s GDP
$18 billion (3.5% GDP)
Where is 42% of palm oil consumed
india, indonesia, china
How much of palm oil was certified sustainable in 2013
6%
When was the antarctic protocol on evironmental protection to the antarctic treaty created
1991 entered into force in 1998
When does the antartic protocol expire
2048
When was the international whaling commision created
1946
When was the whaling monetorium created
1982
How much palm oil does the US receive each year
1 million tons with most of which from malaysia
How much of palm oil consumption does Malaysia and Indonesia account for
22%
What proportion of supermarket goods contain palm oil
50%
How much of unilevers palm oil is now sourced sustainably
100%
How much is McDonalds palm oil sourced sustainably
88%
How much of Indonesia’s export revenues are from palm oil
11%
How many people in indonesia live below the poverty line
28 million people
How much does it cost to ship a tonne across the container now and in 1954
now: £39
1954: £335
How may firms transfer profits to home country with limited tax
transfer pricing
In the 18th century, how many seals were killed in a 3-year period
300,000
What is the average temperature in Antarctica
-57 degrees celcius
How much ice is Antarctica losing each year
24 cubic meters of ice each year
How much loss snow does each tourist account for that visits antartica
75 tonnes (because of cruise ships)
How much would each barrel cost to extract from antartica right now
$100, around $80 today market value
How many whales has japan killed since the whaling monetorium
8000
How much has the average temperature on the antarctic peninsula in 60 years
3 degrees
When was the Antarctic Treaty signed
1959, 12 countries
What proportion of exports does palm oil account for in Indonesia
59%
