🌆🖼️Case Study - Cardiff Bay Flashcards
Property led regeneration
Involves the regeneration of an inner city area by:
. Changing the image of the area
. Improving the environment
. Attracting private investment
. Improving confidence for further investment
Who carries out most of property led regeneration?
Urban development corporations
When were urban development corporation set up?
1980s and 1990s to take responsibility for the regeneration of inner city areas
What powers do urban development corporations have and what were they encouraged to do?
Planning powers over the local authority and were encouraged to spend public money
Private investment vs public money
Private investment was 4-5 times greater than the public money invensted
What % of all urban regeneration expenditure do UDCs account for?
40%
How many houses have UDCs built?
35,000
How many jobs have UDCs created?
190,000
What happened to the bay in the 1980s?
The bay suffered from deindustrialisation and the decline of the Welsh coal industry
What closed in the 1980s in the bay and what was the impact?
East Moors Steel Works which had provided large numbers of well paid jobs
What has the bay become since the closure?
. Became a neglected wasteland and derelict
. Population suffered from social exclusion and above average levls of unemployment
Aim of regeneration
. To put Cardiff on the international map
. To reunite the city centre with the waterfront
. Create more jobs
Why did Cardiff need an urban development corporation?
. Global demand for coal decreased and docks declined
. Areas had no use after decline
. High unemployment, people left the area
. Ethnic minorities migrated inwards
. Crime rates incraesed
How much did the Cardiff Bay development corporation cost in total?
£2.4 billion
What did the Cardiff Bay development corporation have an annual budget of?
£40 million from the central government on the condition that a further £160m was attracted from other sources
The barrage cost
. £220 million
The barrage purpose
. Part of the regeneration
. Purpose - to create a permanent freshwater lake frontage for hotels, bars, restaurants and new apartments
What has the regeneration done to Cardiff?
Put it on the map
How many tourists has the bay attracted per year?
2 million
How many jobs has the development created?
17,000 jobs
What has the redevelopment done for accessibility?
More accessible to rest of the city
How many new homes were created
5000
What did the redevelopment attract?
New investment such as the Dr Who museum
What is the main issue with bay?
Area has been overdeveloped
Issue with housing
. Bay contains hundreds of empty flats proving difficult to sell or rent
. Houses are too expensive
How much public money was used?
£400 million
Issues with businesses
Many businesses have merely moved to other parts of the city having a negative impact on where they left
Issue with jobs
Are the wrong sort i.e. service sector not manufacturing
Issue with how the money was spent
Social projects only accounted for 2% of total spending
How do locals feel towards the redevelopment?
Locals resent the development and feel socially excluded
Positive social impacts
. Preservations of crafts
. Provision of community facilities
Negative social impacts
. Conflicts with the host community
. Crime
. Loss of cultural identity
. Social problems
Positive economic impacts
. Increased Income
. Increased Employment
. Improved Infrastructure
. Multiplier Effect
Negative economic impacts
. Increased living costs
. Decline of traditional employment opportunities
. Seasonality of employment
. Increased taxes
. Leakages
Positive environmental impacts
. Improved assets
. Landscaping
. Conservation
. Regeneration
. Building regulations
Negative environmental impacts
. Traffic congestion
. Pollution of air, water; litter and noise
. Destruction of natural wildlife systems and breeding patterns
