🌍3.2.1.4 - Global Governance Flashcards
What is global governance?
The ways in which affairs affecting the whole world are managed
What did global governance begin with?
Religion, a globally followed set of rules
What are the focuses of global governance?
Civil conflict Reduction of poverty Trade and investment inequality Human rights violations Environmental issues Financial stability
How is civil conflict governed?
UN and peacekeeping organisations required
Solves conflicts before they escalate
Contributions from many countries, united
How is reduction of poverty governed?
Intervention required from rich, foreign governments
World Banks/IMF involved, aid, NGOs
How is trade and investment inequality governed?
WTO settle trade disputes between countries
Ensures global trade runs smoothly
Allows trade between all countries
How are human rights violations governed?
UN needed to settle, court of human rights
Global human rights required for continuity
Prevents exploitation, slavery, inequality
How are environmental issues governed?
UN climate programme, IPCC etc
Creates global task force, untied
Ensures equality in actions
How is financial instability governed?
Organisation required to oversee global economy
Financial markets interconnected
World Bank, IMF, financial regulators
What are issues with the UN regarding global governance?
It can work to promote growth and sustainability but also exacerbate inequality and injustice
What is fundamental to understanding global governance?
Interactions between the local, regional, national, international and global scales
Why are NGOs often more successful in reducing inequalities than global political organisation?
They provide a constant stream of funding
Responsive in terms of community needs
Work on a national as well as local scale
Funds are direct
Main areas of focus for global governance
Poverty
Financial stability
Protect human rights
Trade and investment inequality
Environmental issues
Civil conflict
Operational NGOs
Raise money and implement projects themselves i.e. Water Aid
Advocacy NGOs
Focus on campaigns to raise awareness i.e. WWF
Why are NGO’s needed in a globalised world?
Human rights need protecting
Provide essential services to the most needy
No bias
Learn from their mistakes and they do the same thing everywhere- experts
193 countries have signed the UN Charter, what are its key points?
Maintain global peace and security
Cooperation to solve international problems
Develop friendly relations between nations
Bring countries together to settle disputes
List some of the 8 Millennium Development Goals
Eradicate extreme poverty
Achieve universal primary education
Combat HIV and other diseases
Problems with Millennium Development Goals
Many not met (designed to be ambitious)
Outdated- $1 in 2000 worth less than now
Needs changed- i.e. electricity
2015 Sustainable Development Goals key themes
Reducing environmental impact i.e. renewable energy
Reducing inequality
UN Environment Programme
Raises issues i.e. global warming
Funds IPCC- 5,000 scientists research + advise governments
WTO Main Aims
Combat exploitative practices
Remove protectionist policies
Settle disputes
World Summit on Sustainable Development key points
Government run
Reinvigorates global commitment to sustainable development
Assess progress on sustainable development goals
Kyoto Protocol, 1992 Key Points
Control emissions of anthropogenic GHG’s
Increased global awareness + stimulates research
Could harm economies
US dropped out (25%), encourages other nations to follow
Paris Agreement, 2015 Key Points
Legally binding climate deal, 2020
Countries work together
Hold temp increase to 1.5 oc max
Review every 5 years
How much have HIC’s pledged each year to LIC’s to adapt to climate change in Paris Agreement?
$100 billion
