Global Development - India Flashcards
What is the literacy rate in India?
81% adult
91.76% youth
What is the HDI of India?
0.633
What is the death rate in India?
9.45 deaths per 1000
What is the birth rate in India?
2.05 births per woman
2 = replacement level
What is the GDP per capita of India?
2256 USD
What is the access to internet in India?
48.7%
What are the top 5 religions in India?
Hinduism - 79.8%
Islam - 14.2%
Christianity - 2.3%
Sikhism - 1.7%
Buddhism - 2%
What is the colonial legacy of Britain in India?
-Democracy introduced
-Industrialised economy
-Religious tension
-Wealth inequality
-English is an official language
-Rule of law + gender equality
What languages are there in India?
Hindi, Punjab, Urdu, Gujarat
What is the caste system in India?
Social hierarchy passed down through families, dictating a person’s profession.
What is culture like in India?
Settled farmers, nomadic herdsmen, hunter-gatherers, monks etc.
Very diverse ethnicity and religion.
Hindu culture influences India.
What strategies are there in India to reduce uneven development?
Trade
Aid
Fairtrade
Debt relief
Remittances.
How does India’s geography influence its trade and development?
It has a large coast on the Indian Ocean giving it access to maritime trade, allowing trade to flourish.
India sits on a plate boundary, having the potential for earthquakes, Tsunamis and Monsoon rain seasons.
How has India’s economy changed recently?
There has been:
A large reduction in the contribution of agriculture.
A rapid increase in the contribution of services.
A small increase in the contribution of manufacturing.
The rise of quarternary sector from near 0% to 6.1%.
How has the Indian economy grown?
There are many people working in the ICT services.
Tourism has grown in the country.
India has mechanised
How has India’s trade changed?
Until the 1990s, the economy was relatively closed. There were import tariffs.
It has become more involved in the world economy.
They import oil and coal from the UAE and Qatar and export migrant workers there.
How has FDI changed in India?
It has increased from 17.8 billion in 2005-7 to 34.4 billion in 2014.
How has aid in India changed?
India used to be a large recipient of aid from Britain. It was giving £200 million per year until 2015.
It now provides aid to nearby countries like Sri Lanka or Afghanistan.
How has public investment changed in India?
Privatisation has occured, leading to more FDI but potential for exploitation
How has the population pyramid of India changed?
There was a large proportion of young people.
This led to higher numbers of 80+.
As fertility rate decreased, this made the proportion of young people decrease.
What are the positive inpacts of rapid development in India?
Improved life expectancy.
Higher school attendance.
Improved freshwater + sanitation.
Improved GDP.
FDI is improving.
Strong banking, financial and tech sectors.
Electricity introduced to rural areas using bottom-up schemes.
Proper irrigation schemes.
What are the negative impacts of rapid development on India?
Some rural areas haven’t benefitted.
Schools teaching standards are low.
Healthcare is still poor.
High regional inequality.
Large wealth inequality.
Very rich upper class, very poor lower class.
Gold mining causes toxins to leak.
Quarries are left on the landscape.
Overgrazing is common.
What are the positive impacts of development on India?
Life expectancy has increased to 70.
GDP per capita increased.
What are the negative impacts of development?
13 out of 20 most polluted cities are in India.
Enormous pressure on water due to high pollution.
Deforestation is rampant.
Soil is lost, drought occurs in 68% of India.
What is the Smart Cities Mission?
The Indian government is aware of the wealth inequality and lack of sustainability in the cities.
They thus wanted to transform 100 cities.
What were the elements of the Smart Cities Mission?
Adequate water supply
Assured electricity supply
Affordable housing
Health and education improvements.
Efficient public transport links.
What other aims of the Smart Cities Programme were there?
E-governance
Citizen participation
Sustainable environment
Safety and security
Health and education improvements.
