Development

Question 1

What does the HDI score of a country/region measure?

Answer 1

HDI measures development on a scale 0.0 to 1.0 where 0.0 is no development at all and 1.0 is perfectly developed. An example for comtrast would be Iceland and Niger, which Iceland has a score of 0.96 and Niger has a score of 0.4.

Question 2

How is HDI measured? (3 factors)

Answer 2

The average Life expectancy, Literacy rate and GDP per capita are used to calculate HDI.

Question 3

What is the Primary Sector?

Answer 3

Any industry involved in the production or extraction of raw materials, for example farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining.

Question 4

What is the Secondary Sector?

Answer 4

Industries involved in transforming natural resources, raw materials taken from nature, and making them into artificial resources, human-created objects for use by people.

Question 5

What is the Tertiary Sector?

Answer 5

Any industry that provides services, for example health and social work or transport and commerce.

Question 6

What is the Quaternary Sector?

Answer 6

Any industry that includes intellectual services, for example technological advances and innovation or the educational services like University or Online learning platforms.

Question 7

What is the impact of development on Life Expectancy?

Answer 7

The more developed a country is, the longer the average life expectancy is, since industry like healthcare services are more available and thus diseases can be treated. Also a lower number of people suffer from starvation or thirst as basic neccessities are plentiful in countries of high development. All of these factors increase life expectancy.

Question 8

What are the impacts of rapid development?

Answer 8

-Rapid development leads to an increase in quality of life overall and well-being due to a more prosperous economy due to improved infrastructure and thus longer life expectancy since healthcare infrastructure has been improved.

-On the other hand, rapid development can lead to an increase in wealth inequality as some people gain lots of money whilst some gain nothing and become poorer than everyone else who is getting wealthier. It can also lead to an increase in pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels, and thus a greater impact on the environment.

Question 9

What strategies reduce uneven global development?

Answer 9

Trade and investment- The more countries a country trades with, the greater the economic increases as more jobs are created and more of a variety of job sectors are needed.

Aid - When countries receive aid they are able to deal with severe problems without using up the budget and instead can focus money on improving infrastructure.

Question 10

What three types of countries are there?

Answer 10

Emerging countries - HDI 0.5-0.7

Developing countries HDI 0.3-0.5

Developed countries HDI >0.8

Question 11

What is urbanisation?

Answer 11

The movement of people from the countryside into cities, increasing the size of cities.

Question 12

What is a natural population increase?

Answer 12

When population numbers show a positive difference between birth rate and death rate.

Question 13

What is a major city defined as?

Answer 13

A city with over 400,000 people.

Question 14

What is rural depopulation?

Answer 14

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.

Question 15

What is population distribution?

Answer 15

The pattern showing how population is spread over an area.

Question 16

What is population density?

Answer 16

The number of people in an area, normally given in km2.

Question 17

What is a major urban centre defined as?

Answer 17

An area with high population density and is made up of houses, industrial buildings, factories and transport routes.

Question 18

What is the largest built up area in the UK?

Answer 18

Greater London.

Question 19

What are the effects of high rates of urbanisation in developed countries?

Answer 19

Cities become overcrowded.

Housing prices rapidly increase.

Buses and trains are not able to cope with the numbers of people.

Schools do not have enough places for all children.

Question 20

What are the effects of urbanisation in developing and emerging countries?

Answer 20

Old people are left in the countryside, as a result food supplies drop.

Unemployment rises, so does poverty as a result.

There are not enough places for education.

Shanty towns form as people cannot afford renting homes.

Question 21

When did urbanisation occur in the UK?

Answer 21

After the Enclosure Acts in the late 1700s, urbanisation started occuring along with the industrial revolution.

Question 22

Why do cities on rivers grow fast?

Answer 22

They can transport goods in and out by water and are thus well connected.

Question 23

What is a region?

Answer 23

A part of a country.

Question 24

What is rate of urbanisation?

Answer 24

The speed at which settlements are built.

Question 25

What is degree of urbanisation?

Answer 25

The amount of built-up area that has developed in a certain region.

Question 26

What were the enclosure acts?

Answer 26

A series of acts in Parliament between 1750 and 1860 which stopped villages using open fields and commons. Many had to move into the cities during this time.