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uworld > Gi1 > Flashcards

Gi1 Flashcards

1
Q

gastric ulcers are in the

A

corpus (body)

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2
Q

sweet feculent breath in cirrhosis is a sign of

A

poor hepatic function and accumulation of metabolic toxins

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3
Q

atrophy of intestinal villi

A

celiac disease

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4
Q

collections of neutrophils within crypt lumina

A

Ulcerative colitis

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5
Q

infiltration of intestinal lamina propria w atypical lymphocytes

A

gi MALT lymphoma

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6
Q

crohn disease

clacium will form soap complexes with

A

soap complexes w excess fat in intestinal lumne; thus unavailbe for complexing w oxalate; as a result free oxalate absorption is increased and subsequently filtered into urine, promoting formatio nof oxalate kidney stones

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7
Q

embolism

A

superiro mesenteric ischemia: sudden severe abdominal pain vs chronic which is recurrent post prandail pain

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8
Q

dilation of sinusoids and perivenular hemorraghe

A

budd chiari

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9
Q

granulomatus destruction of bile ducts

A

PBC

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10
Q

intrahepatic hydatidi cysts

A

echinococcus infection

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11
Q

outpouching away from lumen

A

diverticulosis

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12
Q

neoplastic mucosal growth: solid protuberances into colonic lumen (rather than outpouching)

A

colonic polyp

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13
Q

avoidance of apoptosis

A

DCC INACTIVATION

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14
Q

large, reducible midline abdominal protrusion covered by skin

A

incomplete closure of umbilical ring: congenital umbilical hernia

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15
Q

midline hernation of abdominal contents within thin membranous sac

A

omphalocele

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16
Q

full thickness abdominal wall defec that presetns as evsiceration of exposed abdomnal contents at birth

A

gastroschisis

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17
Q

incompelte rotation of midgut prior to physiologic reduction into abdominal cavity

A

malrotation

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18
Q

alcohol acute pancreatitis, you see mcv what

A

mcv >100

macrocytosis due to poor nuttriioton (folate deficiency, liver disease)

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19
Q

HBV immune response

A

cytotoxic Cd8+ t lymphocytes destroy infected hepatocytes

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20
Q

antigen mimicry w generation of self antigen recogniziing cd4+ t lymphcoytes

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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21
Q

failure of closure of lateral body folds at umbilicus

A

omphalocele or gastroschifssi

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22
Q

failure of hindgut descent along IMA

A

imperforate anus

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23
Q

black liver in dubin johnson due to

A

impaired excretion of epinepherine metabolites that accumulate within lysosomes

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24
Q

chloride content of pancreatic secretiosn dereases as what increases

A

bicarbonate increaes

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25
Q

pseudopolyps seen in

A

ulceritive colitis

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26
Q

nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of intestine seen in

A

CVID

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27
Q

tenesmus and small caliber stool

A

rectal adenocarcinoma

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28
Q

recurrent grossly bloddy stool; low grade fever

A

UC

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29
Q

to encircle the upper stomach, gastric band must pass through

A

lesser omentum

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30
Q

lesser omentum extens from liver to

A

lesser curvature of stomach and beginning of duodenum

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31
Q

lesser omentum divided into 2 ligaments

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament

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32
Q

greater omentu: extends from greater curvature of stomach

A

tru

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33
Q

acute viral hepaptisis liver enzymes

A

significant elevations in ALT and AST (AlT >)

followed by rises in bilirubin and alkaline phospahtase

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34
Q

if hepatic bleeding persistsa after occlusion of portal triad, then what is injured

A

IVC or hepatic vein

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35
Q

portal triad runs through

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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36
Q

third part of dudoenum close associated with what artery

A

superior mesenteric artery

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37
Q

ulcers in lesser curvature stomach penetrate

A

left and right gastric arteries

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38
Q

2 main vessels supplying small and large intestine

A

SMA and IMA: connected by a pair of anastomoes: marginal artery of drummon (prinicpal anastomosis ) and Riolan meandering artery

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39
Q

any abdominal processes (ruptured spleen, peritonitis, hemoperitoneum) irritating phrenic nerve sensory fibers around diapghram can cause referred pain to shoulder region (C3-5)

A

kehr sign

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40
Q

Charcot triad

A

cholangitis
fever
ruq abdominal pain
jaundice

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41
Q

diverticilulits age

A

older pt

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42
Q

crohn disease: perinanal fistual

A

true

43
Q

arterial insufficiency at rectosigmoid junction

A

ischemic colitis

44
Q

border bw sigmoid artery and superior rectal artery

A

rectosigmoid ajunction

45
Q

most common location of intussuception

A

ileocecal valve

currant jelly stools

46
Q

hepeatocyte apoptosis characterized by cellular shrinkage and nuclear fragmentse with intesne eosinophili

A

councilman bodies

hep A

47
Q

what acidifies stoool in lactase defiecincey

A

short chain fatty acids from fermentation of undigested lactose by gut bacteria

48
Q

enlargement of gastric folds

A

gastrin hypersencetion causeing pariet cell hyperplasia

49
Q

menetrier disease : overproduction of

A

TGFa
mucosal cell hyperplasia; gastric fold enalrgement;
hypoplasia of parietla/cheifl cesl: glandular atrophy

50
Q

horizontal transection of rectus abdominis performed w great caution as ____ enters this muscle at level of arcuate line

A

inferior epigastric arteries

51
Q

superior epigasetric artery supplies

A

superior portion of rectus abdominis

52
Q

live accentuated oral (sabin ) poliovirus produces strong )___ what immune response than ainacatviated salk

A

secretory IgA

53
Q

impiared nutrietn absorption

A

malabsorption

54
Q

impaired neural inhibiition

A

diffuse esophageal spas

simulationeous, non peristaltic contractiosn

55
Q

inflammation of parietal peritoneoum

A

appendicitis

56
Q

bilious emesis in neonate sign of

A

intestinal obstructino below second part of duodenum

57
Q

result of vascular occlusion in utero

A

intestinal atresia of midgut (jejunum, ileum, proximal colon)

apple peel atresia occurs when superior mesenteric artery is obstructed
result is blind ending proximal jejunum, lenght of absent bowel and mesentery and finally a terminal ileum spiraled around ileocolic vessel

58
Q

absence of ileuk and jejunum

A

intestinal atresai

59
Q

shock symptoms in setting of untreated ulcerative colitis

A

toxic megacolon

60
Q

diagnoist imaging of study for toxic megacolon

A

plain abdominal x ray

colonoscopy and barium enema contraindicated bc they may cause perforatoin

61
Q

pancreatic tissue encircling descending duodenum

A

annular pancreas

failure of ventral pancreatic bud to properly migrate and fuse w dorsal bud

62
Q

spleen supplied by splenic artery which is derived from

A

foregut derivative

63
Q

which arteris branch from splenic artery

A

short gastric

left gastroepiploic

64
Q

right gastric artery from the

A

proper hepatic

65
Q

gastric ulcers occur in what part of stomach

A

corpus

66
Q

dxylose is a monosaccharide that can be absorbed directly

A

does not need pancreas to degrade it: pancreasee will secrete amylase to go from poly to mono saccahride

67
Q

LDL receptors located in the

A

liver

68
Q

preferred intial imaging test for acute cholecystisi

A

ULTRasonography

69
Q

nuclear medicine hepatobiliary scanning (cholescintigraphy) used to assess

A

patent cystic duct

70
Q

strictures seen in

A

crohn disease

71
Q

stricutres are preseented with

A

hypertrophy of muscolaris mucosase, which narrows intestinal lumen; this can progress to bowel obstruction

72
Q

histology: thickening of subepithelial collagen bond

A

collagenous (micrsocpic colitis)

73
Q

system mastocystoiss: clonal mast cell proliferation mutation in

A

KIT receptor tyrosine kinase

74
Q

system mastoctoiss causes an increase in

A

histamine

gastric hypersecretion

75
Q

increased susceptibility of neuronal and ertyrocyte membranes to ox stress.
ataxia, impaired proprioception, vibratory sensation, hemolytic anemia;
deffieincy in what vitamin

A

Vit E

76
Q

uniform cells
eosinophilic cytoplasm
oval to roudn stippled nuclei

A

carcinoid tumor

77
Q

where can carcionid tumors found

A

appendix; tip of appendix; can cause appendicits

78
Q

finely granular ,DIFFUSE ,homogenous pale pink cytoplasm

A

ground glass hepatocytes HEP B

79
Q

clumped, amorphous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusoins made up of tangled intermeidate filaments

A

mallory bodies

hepatic steaotsisi

80
Q

elongation of lamina propria pappillae, basal zone hyperplasia, scattered eosinophils and neutrophils

A

geJ junction mcompetence

81
Q

numerous supericially located intrapeithelail eosinophisl

A

eosionphilic esopahgits

82
Q

absent peristaltic movemetns

A

systemic scerlosis

83
Q

villous atrophy in celiac diseas causes what

A

nutrient absorption impairmetn

84
Q

shrunk liver; widespread centrilboular necorsis and inflammation of portal tracts

A

lethal fulminant hepatitis; cant be disthignised from hepatiis

85
Q

cauliflower mass in sigmoid colon

A

villous adenoma

86
Q

villous adneomas can produce large quatnities of prostaglandin E2 which results in increased mcuin production and secretory diarrhea; mucin is a potassium rich glycoprotein; excessive prodcution: hypoproteiniemia hypokalemia

A

true

87
Q

increased activity of GABA

A

hepatic encephalopathy

88
Q

bacterial action on lactulose results in acidficiation of colonic contents which then converts absorbable ammonia into nonabsorbable ammonium ions, trapping it in the stool

A

true

89
Q

in cirrhosis you have decreased BUN? why?

A

bc ammonia cannot be efficient converted to urea by failing liver

90
Q

increased GI absorption of nitrogenous substances by gut

A

hepatic encephalopatyhy

GI bleeding causes increased nitrogen delivery to gut inn form of hemoglboin which is then converted into mamonia

91
Q

loss of function mutation in the MTP gene

A

abetalipoproteinema : first few years of life

92
Q

SIBO causes an increase in

A

vit k and folate

93
Q

bile acids are reabsorbed in the

A

terminal ileum

thus in crohns’s loss of bile acids: fat malbsasorption: defiicney in a D E K

94
Q

autoimmune hpeatitis

A

more often in women

more associated with UC

95
Q

superficial upper glandular layer of gastric body and fundus houses

A

parietal cells

96
Q

critically ill pt : inflammation of gallbladder; no gallstones

A

acalculous cholecystisi

97
Q

fibrotic shrunken gallbladder

A

chronic cholecystisi

98
Q

whcih vein drains blood from gastric fundus into spleni vein

A

short gastric vein into the splenic vein

AFFECTS ONLY THE GASTRIC FUNDUS

99
Q

azygos vein drains blood from esophageal veins into

A

SVC

100
Q

pancreaticoduodenal vein drains pancreas and duodenum into SMV. SMV also drains blood from lower stomach and small intestine; variceal formation in lower stomach

A

true

101
Q

complete or partial obstruction of extrehepatic bile ducts in young child; elevated CB

A

biliary atresia

102
Q

in first two weeks of birth breast milk jaundice increase in

A

indirect hyperbilirubinae
due to enzyme beta glucuronidase deconjugating bilirubin: increase absorption and increaesed enterohepatic ciruclation of bilirbuin

103
Q

blood supply to colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum

A

inferior mesentric artery

104
Q

supplies blood to pancreas and intestine from lower part of duodenum to first two thirds of transverse colon

A

superior mesentirc artery

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