cardio2 Flashcards
abdominal aorta gives rise to
rit and left renal arteries
rapid passive filling of ventricles is what heart sound
in diastole
S3
sudden cessation of filling as ventricle reaches its elastic limit
poorly developed coronary capillary netweork
HOCM
reentry of electrical impulses through accessory conduction pathwya
AVRT
shortened PR
widened QRS
slurred and broad initial upstroke of QRs: delta wave
WPW
ischemia causes ion pump failure causing accumulation of
na and ca
the increased intracellular solute conc draws free water into cell; causing cellular and mitochodnrial swelling
autopsy: rupturued cerebral aneurysm w extensive intacranial hemorrageh; associated with
coarctation of aorta; assoc w berry aneurysms
sudden onset of palpitaitons and rapid regular tachycardai
Paroxysmal supraventircular tachycardia: most often due to reentrant impulse traveling circularlry bw slowly and rapidly conducting segments of AV node. Use vagal maneuevers to slow conduction through AV node; prologn Av node refractory period; helpign to terminate reentrant tahcycardia
thrombus vs myxoma
thrombus: adhernet to cardiac endothelium
mobile mass in LA: characteristic of a myxoma
region weher frontal, temproal , parietal sphenoid bones meet
pterion
risk of lacerating what artery at pterion
middle meningeal artery
middle menigneal artery is a branch ofm
maxillary artery
first branch of internal carotid
ophthalmci artery
nasal mucosa supplied by
sphenopalatine artery which anastomoesse w ophthalmci and facil arteris within anterior part of nasla spetuM: kiesselbach’s plexus
failure of proliferation of endocardial cushiosn
VSD
failure of conotruncal setpation results in
truncus arteriossus
left ventircular leads in biventricular pacemakers course through coronary sinus, which resides in
atrioventriculoar groove on posterior aspect of heart
severe lvh what heart sound
S4
aortic rooot dilation causes what murmur
aortic regrurgitaion
VSD can be asymptomatic at birth and present later in two weeks. why?
decreasing PVR; allows for more L-R shunt; causing murmur accentuation
can present after a week of viral illness
cardiac tamponade
constrictive pericardidits vs tamponade
constricitve takes montsh to develop; would not occur a week after a viral infection like tamponade
why is there an opening snap
abrupt halting of leaflet motion during mitral valve opening due to fusion of mitral valve leaflet tips
ANP restricts what hormone
aldosterone
smooth muscle uses
calmodulin
verapamil does not work in skeletal muscle bc
skeletal muscle not dependent on extracellular calcium influx thorugh l type calcium channles
cystic medial necrosis:
lsos of smooth smucle collagen, elastic tissue wit formation of cysitc mucoid in aortic media;
assoc w marfan syndrome
why is midsystolic lcikc caused in MVP
sudden tesning of chorade tendinae as they are pulled taut by ballooning valve leaflets
lv free wall rupture appear as what type of tears in infarcted myocardium
slit like tear
NO vs adenosine
NO vasodilates in large arteries and pre arteriolar vessels
ADenosine: small coronary arterioles
fusion of valve commissures due to repetive inflammation
rheumatic heard disease
of aortic stenosis
increased risk of mycoradial infarction , stroke
intellectual disability
marfanoid body habitus
homocystinuria
aging associated with what
decreased lv cavity (chamber)size
S (sigmoid0 shaped septum
hemosiderin laden macs
turn blue on prussina blue staining
BIfid carotid pulse w brisk upstroke
hocm
arterial puncture above inguinal ligamnet increases risk of
retroperitoneal hemorraghe
common femoral artery ; external iliac courses udner periotenum
pelvic cavity tbleeding caused by
trauma or gynelococlic hemorraghe (intraperiotenal hemorrage
reductions in blood flow: ischemic myocardium will
stimulate growth factors (VEGF) to stimulate maturation and foramtion of collateral vessels
wide and fixed split of S2 dthat doesnot chagne with respiration
ASD
pressytolic murmur that disappears with atrial fibrillation
mitral or tricuspid valve stenosis
diasotlic murmur with presystolic accentation due to atrial contraction.
thromboembolic occlusion of retinal artery travels from
internal carotid to opthalmic to retinal artery causing retinal artery occlusion
retinal artery is one of the first branches of the ophthalmic attery
lhymphcoytic infiltirate w focal necorsis of mycoytes
viral myocarditis
new holosystolic murmur, 10 yo patient,
fever , fatigue, anorexia, tachypnea, hypotension
ARF
bacterial infection
intersitial myocardial granuloma: aschoff body
atrophic tubules, crowded glomeruli
diffuse tubular atrophy
seen in a kidney affected by stenosis
equalization of average intracardiac diastolic pressurse
tamponadew
why is s3 hear best at end expiration
lung volume decreased and brings heart closer to chest wall
vasculitis that extends into contiguous veins and nerves
buerger vacultiis
diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls w wire loop structures
diffuse proliferative glomeruloneprhtisi
impaired relaxation of hypertrophied LV wall
HOCM
normal LV mass
normal LV cavitysize
preserved EF
impaired LV relaxation
restrictive cardiomyopathy
saphenous vein orginiates on
medial side of foot
courses anteior to medial malleolus, and then travels up medail aspect of leg and thigh
it drains femoral vein within region of femoral trigange
saphenous vein drains femoral vein within region of femoral traingle, a few cm inferolateral to
pubic tubercle
ARF vs. IE
ARF: fibrous thickeining and fusion of valve leaflets. A fib can occur
IE: large friable vegetaions on valve cusps along w destruction (rather than fibrosis) of valve leaflets
