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uworld > cardio2 > Flashcards

cardio2 Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal aorta gives rise to

A

rit and left renal arteries

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2
Q

rapid passive filling of ventricles is what heart sound

in diastole

A

S3

sudden cessation of filling as ventricle reaches its elastic limit

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3
Q

poorly developed coronary capillary netweork

A

HOCM

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4
Q

reentry of electrical impulses through accessory conduction pathwya

A

AVRT

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5
Q

shortened PR
widened QRS
slurred and broad initial upstroke of QRs: delta wave

A

WPW

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6
Q

ischemia causes ion pump failure causing accumulation of

A

na and ca

the increased intracellular solute conc draws free water into cell; causing cellular and mitochodnrial swelling

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7
Q

autopsy: rupturued cerebral aneurysm w extensive intacranial hemorrageh; associated with

A

coarctation of aorta; assoc w berry aneurysms

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8
Q

sudden onset of palpitaitons and rapid regular tachycardai

A

Paroxysmal supraventircular tachycardia: most often due to reentrant impulse traveling circularlry bw slowly and rapidly conducting segments of AV node. Use vagal maneuevers to slow conduction through AV node; prologn Av node refractory period; helpign to terminate reentrant tahcycardia

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9
Q

thrombus vs myxoma

A

thrombus: adhernet to cardiac endothelium

mobile mass in LA: characteristic of a myxoma

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10
Q

region weher frontal, temproal , parietal sphenoid bones meet

A

pterion

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11
Q

risk of lacerating what artery at pterion

A

middle meningeal artery

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12
Q

middle menigneal artery is a branch ofm

A

maxillary artery

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13
Q

first branch of internal carotid

A

ophthalmci artery

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14
Q

nasal mucosa supplied by

A

sphenopalatine artery which anastomoesse w ophthalmci and facil arteris within anterior part of nasla spetuM: kiesselbach’s plexus

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15
Q

failure of proliferation of endocardial cushiosn

A

VSD

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16
Q

failure of conotruncal setpation results in

A

truncus arteriossus

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17
Q

left ventircular leads in biventricular pacemakers course through coronary sinus, which resides in

A

atrioventriculoar groove on posterior aspect of heart

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18
Q

severe lvh what heart sound

A

S4

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19
Q

aortic rooot dilation causes what murmur

A

aortic regrurgitaion

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20
Q

VSD can be asymptomatic at birth and present later in two weeks. why?

A

decreasing PVR; allows for more L-R shunt; causing murmur accentuation

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21
Q

can present after a week of viral illness

A

cardiac tamponade

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22
Q

constrictive pericardidits vs tamponade

A

constricitve takes montsh to develop; would not occur a week after a viral infection like tamponade

23
Q

why is there an opening snap

A

abrupt halting of leaflet motion during mitral valve opening due to fusion of mitral valve leaflet tips

24
Q

ANP restricts what hormone

A

aldosterone

25
Q

smooth muscle uses

A

calmodulin

26
Q

verapamil does not work in skeletal muscle bc

A

skeletal muscle not dependent on extracellular calcium influx thorugh l type calcium channles

27
Q

cystic medial necrosis:

A

lsos of smooth smucle collagen, elastic tissue wit formation of cysitc mucoid in aortic media;
assoc w marfan syndrome

28
Q

why is midsystolic lcikc caused in MVP

A

sudden tesning of chorade tendinae as they are pulled taut by ballooning valve leaflets

29
Q

lv free wall rupture appear as what type of tears in infarcted myocardium

A

slit like tear

30
Q

NO vs adenosine

A

NO vasodilates in large arteries and pre arteriolar vessels

ADenosine: small coronary arterioles

31
Q

fusion of valve commissures due to repetive inflammation

A

rheumatic heard disease

of aortic stenosis

32
Q

increased risk of mycoradial infarction , stroke
intellectual disability
marfanoid body habitus

A

homocystinuria

33
Q

aging associated with what

A

decreased lv cavity (chamber)size

S (sigmoid0 shaped septum

34
Q

hemosiderin laden macs

A

turn blue on prussina blue staining

35
Q

BIfid carotid pulse w brisk upstroke

A

hocm

36
Q

arterial puncture above inguinal ligamnet increases risk of

A

retroperitoneal hemorraghe

common femoral artery ; external iliac courses udner periotenum

37
Q

pelvic cavity tbleeding caused by

A

trauma or gynelococlic hemorraghe (intraperiotenal hemorrage

38
Q

reductions in blood flow: ischemic myocardium will

A

stimulate growth factors (VEGF) to stimulate maturation and foramtion of collateral vessels

39
Q

wide and fixed split of S2 dthat doesnot chagne with respiration

A

ASD

40
Q

pressytolic murmur that disappears with atrial fibrillation

A

mitral or tricuspid valve stenosis

diasotlic murmur with presystolic accentation due to atrial contraction.

41
Q

thromboembolic occlusion of retinal artery travels from

A

internal carotid to opthalmic to retinal artery causing retinal artery occlusion

retinal artery is one of the first branches of the ophthalmic attery

42
Q

lhymphcoytic infiltirate w focal necorsis of mycoytes

A

viral myocarditis

43
Q

new holosystolic murmur, 10 yo patient,

fever , fatigue, anorexia, tachypnea, hypotension

A

ARF
bacterial infection

intersitial myocardial granuloma: aschoff body

44
Q

atrophic tubules, crowded glomeruli

diffuse tubular atrophy

A

seen in a kidney affected by stenosis

45
Q

equalization of average intracardiac diastolic pressurse

A

tamponadew

46
Q

why is s3 hear best at end expiration

A

lung volume decreased and brings heart closer to chest wall

47
Q

vasculitis that extends into contiguous veins and nerves

A

buerger vacultiis

48
Q

diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls w wire loop structures

A

diffuse proliferative glomeruloneprhtisi

49
Q

impaired relaxation of hypertrophied LV wall

A

HOCM

50
Q

normal LV mass
normal LV cavitysize
preserved EF
impaired LV relaxation

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

51
Q

saphenous vein orginiates on

A

medial side of foot
courses anteior to medial malleolus, and then travels up medail aspect of leg and thigh
it drains femoral vein within region of femoral trigange

52
Q

saphenous vein drains femoral vein within region of femoral traingle, a few cm inferolateral to

A

pubic tubercle

53
Q

ARF vs. IE

A

ARF: fibrous thickeining and fusion of valve leaflets. A fib can occur

IE: large friable vegetaions on valve cusps along w destruction (rather than fibrosis) of valve leaflets

uworld (14 decks)

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