GI Tract Flashcards
Functions: chemical & mechanical digestion, absorb nutrients, and excrete unabsorbed material
GI Tract
not an endocrine gland, but endocrine cells are dispersed throughout
There are more than 20 distinct endocrine cell types, and they secrete more than 30 peptide hormones
GI Tract
General Functions of GI Hormones
- Stimulate secretion of acids and enzymes necessary for digestion
- Modulate hormone release from the pancreas
- Act on smooth muscle to move food through GI tract
- Signal to brain to regulate food intake
pancreatic hormone
that reduces blood glucose
insulin
most are peptide hormones
GI tract
2 families of GI hormones
Gastrin/Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Location: G cells in the stomach
Gastrin
Function: stimulates gastric acid (HCl) secretion
Gastrin
Gastric distention (food in stomach)
triggers secretion of Gastrin
Amino acids (products of protein digestion)
triggers secretion of Gastrin
Smell, taste, or thoughts of food (parasympathetic stimulation)
triggers of secretion Gastrin
low pH (too acidic)
inhibits the secretion of Gastrin
secretin does what to the secretion of Gastrin?
inhibits
Location: S cells in duodenum
secretin
Function: stimulates bicarbonate &
digestive enzymes from pancreas and
bile from gallbladder
Secretin
Secretion is triggered by:
* low pH (high acidity)
Secretin
Secretion is inhibited by:
* pH >4.5 Contact of intestinal mucosa
with acidic food
secretin
Location: I cells in duodenum
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Function: augments secretin to further
stimulate release of digestive enzymes
and bile from the pancreas and
gallbladder (digests fat and protein)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secretion is triggered by:
* Food (fats and proteins)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)