Exam 1 Flashcards
Which of the following describes endocrine signaling?
a. chemical messengers traveling through a duct to a target organ
b. neurotransmitters secreted into the synaptic cleft
c. Chemical messengers traveling to distant cells in the bloodstream
d. A substance released by a cell acting as a self-regulator
c. Chemical messengers traveling to distant cells in the bloodstream
Which of the following is derived from cholesterol?
a. growth hormone
b. cortisol
c. insulin
d. serotonin
B. cortisol
When the binding of one hormone results in an increase in the expression of receptors for a different hormone, this type of interaction is referred to as:
a. permissive
b. synergistic
c. affinity
d. additive
a. permissive
The novel finding of Bayliss and Starlings experiment was:
a. internal ovarian secretions restore function, even if transplanted under the skin
b. removal of thyroid glands from monkeys results in hypothyroidism
c. Pancreatic juice released in response to acid is controlled by blood-borne factors
d. self-injection with dog testes leads to rejuvenation of strength and libido
c. Pancreatic juice released in response to acid is controlled by blood-borne factors
Peptide hormones are derived from which of the following?
a. cholesterol
b. genes
c. Tyrosine
d. Tryptophan
b. genes
Which of the following hormones are secreted by acidophils in the anterior pituitary gland? circle all that apply
a. LH
b. AVP
c. Growth Hormone
d. FSh
e. prolactin
f. oxytocin
c. growth hormone
e. prolactin
A pregnant woman comes into the hospital and needs medical intervention to induce labor. Which hormone do you give her?
a. prolactin
b. vasopressin
c. oxytocin
d. growth hormone
c. oxytocin
A newly discovered antagonist molecule binds to cell surface receptors. What effect will this antagonist have on testosterone, a steroid hormone?
a. It will block testosterone from binding to its receptor
b. It will block testosterone from activating cAMP signaling
c. It will increase testosterone-mediated signaling
d. It will not affect testosterone-mediated signaling
d. It will not affect testosterone-mediated signaling
Which G-protein coupled receptor Galpha subunit is associated with lower adenylyl cyclase
a. Gak
b. Gaq
c. Gas
d. Gai
d. Gai
Once a hormone binds to a G-protein coupled receptor, what activates the alpha subunit to dissociate from the receptor and trigger downstream cascades?
a. exchanging the G-protein’s bound ATP for an ADP
b. Exchanging the G-protein’s bound GTP for a GDP
c. Exchanging the G-protein’s bound ADP for an ATP
d. Exchanging the G-protein’s bound GDP for a GTP
d. Exchanging the G-protein’s bound GDP for a GTP
Which of the following is the correct order of events that could occur after a hormone binds to a G-protein coupled receptor and the Galpha subunit has dissolved:
a. Gaq: PKC stimulated -> activates adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP released
b. Gas: PKC stimulated -> activated cAMP -> Ca2+ produced
c. Gas: PLCBeta stimulated -> PIP2 cleaved into DAG and IP3 -> cAMP released
d. Gaq: PLCBeta stimulated -> PIP2 cleaved into DAG and IP3 -> Ca2+ released
d. Gaq: PLCBeta stimulated -> PIP2 cleaved into DAG and IP3 -> Ca2+ released
If a drug causes protein Kinase A (PKA) to be more active, it is likely an agonist of which G-protein coupled receptor Galpha subunit
Gas
Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback, except blank which tends to be regulated by positive feedback loops.
a. vasopressin
b. oxytocin
c. dopamine
d. cortisol
b. oxytocin
The picture to the right depicts which type of hormone:
a. steroid hormone
b. peptide hormone
c. monoamine hormone
d. protein hormone
a. steroid hormone
Which of the following increases secretion of growth hormone? circle all that apply
a. fasting
b. somatostatin
c. sleep
d. IGF-1
a. fasting
c. sleep
Which of the following dopaminergic pathways is most strongly associated with addiction?
a. mesolimbic
b. mesocortical
c. nigrostriatal
d. tuberoinfundibular
a. mesolimbic
What function does dopamine perform when acting as a classical endocrine signal?
a. stimulates oxytocin secretion
b. inhibits prolactin
c. improves memory
d. increases pleasure-seeking behavior
b. Inhibits prolactin
Which of the following is true about growth hormone?
a. growth hormone directly increases growth of bone and muscle
b. hypersecretion of growth hormone after puberty causes gigantism
c. growth hormone stimulates secretion of IGF-1 from the liver
d. Obesity causes greater secretion of growth hormone
c. growth hormone stimulates secretion of IGF-1 from the liver
What are the associated behavioral effect for each of these neurotransmitters
a. dopamine
b. prolactin
c. oxytocin
d. serotonin
a. dopamine = motivation/pleasure seeking
b. prolactin = parental care
c. Oxytocin = Social bonding
d. serotonin = happiness/relaxation
The portion of DNA that binds to intracellular receptors is called:
Hormone response element (HRE)
What chemical property allows some hormones to cross the cell membrane?
Being lipophillic
You perform a radioimunoassay to measure testosterone concentration in males to determine whether there is a relationship between testosterone and age. Males are put into three groups based on their age. Males in Group A had 30% label bound, Group B had 55% label bound, and Group C had 70% label bound. Which group had the lowest testosterone concentration
Group C - 0% label bound
what type of receptor is shown to the right?
enzyme linked receptor
Patients with Parkinson’s disease lose their ability to control voluntary movements, and this is due to the loss of cells that produce which hormone/ neurotransmiter?
Dopamine
If a hormone structure has NH2 on it, what type of hormone is it?
Monoamine hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released in fast pulses will favor the secretion of which hormone?
LH
