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Endocrinology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The hormone ghrelin is produced in the:

a. adipose tissue
b. stomach
c. G cells in the duodenum
d. adrenal gland

A

b. stomach

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2
Q

Circle the 2 hormones that act synergistically to increase pancreatic secretions:

a. secretin
b. gastrin
c. CCK
d. Ghrelin

A

c. CCK

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3
Q

The hormone glucagon is:

a. secreted by pancreatic beta cells
b. A catabolic hormone
c. derived from tyrosine
d. lipophilic

A

b. a catabolic hormone

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4
Q

Which GI peptide is secreted in response to gastric distension?

a. secretin
b. gastrin
c. CCK
d. Ghrelin

A

B. Gastrin

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5
Q

All of the following will stimulate food intake except:

a. Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)
b. agouti-related peptide
c. neuropeptide Y
d. Ghrelin
e. both a and b

A

a. Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)

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6
Q

The physiological functions of insulin include (circle all that apply)

a. conversion of glucose to glycogen
b. glucose mobilization
c. inhibition of uptake of free fatty acids
d. stimulation of lipolysis
e. increased cellular uptake of glucose

A

e. increased cellular uptake of glucose

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about thyroid hormones? circle all that apply

a. are monoamines
b. circulate in blood bound to a binding globulin
c. enter target cells by diffusing across the cell membrane
d. thyroid hormone receptors are regulated by heat shock proteins

A

c. enter target cells by diffusing across the cell membrane

d. thyroid hormone receptors are regulated by heat shock proteins

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8
Q

Each of the following stimulates insulin release except:

a. gut peptides
b. somatostatin
c. rise in blood glucose
d. amino acids

A

b. somatostatin

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9
Q

Which of the following pancreatic cell types is correctly paired with the hormone is secretes?

a. alpha cells and insulin
b. delta cells and insulin
c. beta cells and somatostatin
d. alpha cells and glucagon

A

d. alpha cells and glucagon

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10
Q

Low blood calcium levels will cause which of the following to happen:

a. release of parathyroid hormone

b. decreased activity of osteoclasts

c. activation of deiodinase enzymes

d. release of calcitonin

A

a. release of parathyroid hormone

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11
Q

High C peptide levels indicate which hormone is also being secreted at high levels?

a. gastrin
b. thyroid hormone
c. insulin
d. glucagon

A

c. insulin

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12
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of thyroid hormone to its more active form?

a. thyroid peroxidase
b. thyroxine
c. deiodinase
d. CYP11B2

A

c. deiodinase

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13
Q

What happens to hormone levels across the HPT axis in response to Graves’ disease? circle all that apply

a. increased thyroid hormone secretion (T3 and T4)

b. Decreased T3 and T4 secretion

c. Decreased Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) secretion

d. increased Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) secretion

A

a. increased thyroid hormone secretion (T3 and T4)

c. Decreased Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) secretion

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14
Q

Which of the following is not a hormone directly secreted by adrenocortical cells?

a. DHEA
b. Testosterone
c. Aldosterone
d. cortisol

A

b. Testosterone

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15
Q

What is involved in the rate-limiting steps of steroid synthesis?

a. P450scc
b. CYP11B2
c. STAR
d. 11BHSD2
e. both a and c
f. both c and d

A

e. both a and c

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16
Q

The mineralcorticoid receptor (MR) has equal affinity for aldosterone and cortisol. How do tissues ensure aldosterone and not cortisol binds to the MR.

a. aldosterone-sensitive tissues have an enzyme. 11BHSD2, that inactivates cortisol

b. Aldosterone-sensitive tissues lack the enzyme, CYP17A1, that makes cortisol

c. Aldosterone is produced at much higher levels in aldosterone-sensitive tissues, thereby outcompeting cortisol

d. both bind to the receptor, but only aldosterone has a downstream effect.

A

a. aldosterone-sensitive tissues have an enzyme. 11BHSD2, that inactivates cortisol

17
Q

indicate below whether the secretion pattern is indicative of an individual who has recently eaten (full) or who is hungry (fasting)

  1. high gastrin
  2. high neuropeptide Y
  3. Low ghrelin
  4. high CCK
  5. Low AgRP
  6. Low cocain- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
A
  1. high gastrin = full
  2. high neuropeptide Y = fasting
  3. Low ghrelin= full
  4. high CCK = full
  5. Low AgRP = full
  6. Low cocain- and amphetamine-regulated transcript = fasting
18
Q

When glucose is in short supply, the body makes blank, an alternative source of energy made by breaking down fatty acids.

A

Ketones

19
Q

In response to low blood pressure, juxtaglomerular cells secrete blank

A

Renin

20
Q

blank is the primary secretory form of thyroid hormone, while blank is the primary biologically active form

A

T4 is the primary secretory form of thyroid hormone, while T3 is the primary biologically active form

21
Q

The blank adrenergic receptor has a higher affinity for epinephrine

A

The beta adrenergic receptor

22
Q

Blanks are modified neurons found in the medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

23
Q

Secretion of aldosterone directly increase blank exretion and blank reabsorption

A

Secretion of aldosterone directly increase POTASSIUM exretion and SODIUM reabsorption

24
Q

DHEA is a precursor for these two hormones:

A

testosterone and estrogen

25
Q

The presence of a goiter most likely indicates a dysfunction in this endocrin gland:

A

Thyroid

Endocrinology (13 decks)

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