Exam 3 Flashcards
Androgens are synthesized by which cells (circle all that apply)
a. sertoli cells
b. leydig cells
c. granulosa cells
d. chromaffin cells
e. theca cells
e. theca cells
At which stage of development does an ovarian follicale become hormonally competent:
a. primary
b. primordial
c. pre antral
d. antral
d. antral
What functions do the sertoli cells carry out (circle all that apply)
a. respond to LH
b. produce nutrients for spermatogenesis
c. produce testosterone
d. produce estrogen
e. produce Inhibin B.
b. produce nutrients for spermatogenesis
e. produce Inhibin B.
which hormonal axis in offspring is most sensitive to variation in parental care?
a. HPT
b. HPG
c. HPA
d. HPH
c. HPA
The primary source of progesterone in non-pregnant female is:
a. corpus albicans
b. dominant follicle
c. corpus luteum
d. corpus collosum
e. pre antral follicles
c. corpus luteum
What hormones do fetal ovaries produce during development?
NONE
The condition in which XY individuals appear morphologically female unti puberty is due to a deficiency in:
a. aromatase
b. 5alpha-reductase
c. 11BHSD2
d. LH
e. Androgen receptors
b. 5alpha-reductase
The primary estrogen produced post-menopause is:
a. estradiol
b. estrene
c. estrone
d. estrodial
e. estriol
c. estrone
During fetal development, what regulates testosterone secretion prior to the development of the HPG axis?
a. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
b. LH
c. anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
d. estrogen
e. KISS
a. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which of the following is true of syncytiotrophoblasts:
a. the cells that give rise to the embryo
b. endocrine-producing cells of the ovarian follicles
c. cells int he corpus luteum that produce hormones
d. endocrine-producing cells of the placenta
d. endocrine-producing cells of the placenta
Which enzyme converts testosterone to estrogen?
a. 5alpha reductase
b. 11BHSD2
c. aromatase
d. steroidogenic acuse regulatory protein (STAR)
e. CYP21A2
c. aromatase
The LH surge occurring in females during their ovarian cycles is due primarily to:
a. increases in progesterone secretion
b. positive feedback of estrogen
c. decrease in inhibin secretion
d. decrease in GnRH pulse release
e. effects of GnIH on GnRh release
b. positive feedback of estrogen
Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its function:
a. DHT - contributes to secondary sex characteristic
b. oxytocin - stimulates uterine contractions during labor
c. estrogen - contributes to secondary sex characteristics
d. inhibin B- inhibits secretion of LH
d. inhibin B- inhibits secretion of LH
The secretion of GnRh
a. occurs at regularly pulsed intervals regardless of environmental influence
b. is increased in response to the “hunger signal” ghrelin
c. is increased in response to LH secretion
d. is increased by KISS
d. is increased by KISS
Which of the following is true of XY individuals that have deficient androgen receptors?
a. gonads will develop into ovaries
b. mullerian ducts will not regress
c. will have external genitalia that appears female
d. will have external genitalia that appears female but only until puberty
c. will have external genitalia that appears female
If an individual is XY and has developed internal genitalia from both wofflian and mullerian ducts, what is the most likely cause?
a. deficiency in anti-mullerian hormone
b. deficiency in 5alpha reductase
c. mutation in androgen receptors
d. adrenal glands are overproducing androgens
a. deficiency in anti-mullerian hormone
Which of these are associated with increased parental care behaviors? circle all that apply
a. prolactin
b. rutaxin
c. estrogen
d. oxytocin
e. progesterone
a. prolactin
d. oxytocin
The “two-cell, two-gonadotropin” hypothesis suggests:
a. estrogens are produced in the thecal cells via aromatization
b. androgens are aromatized to estrogens in granulosa cells
c. granulosa cells produce estrogens directly from cholesterol
d. LH up-regulates aromatase in granulosa cells
e. FSH up-regulated cholesterol uptake in granulosa cells
b. androgens are aromatized to estrogens in granulosa cells 2`qwz
The blank is the primary trigger of ovulation
LH
The binding globulin involved in sequestering testosterone within gonads during the process of spermatogenesis is:
androgen binding globulin
Skin-to-skin contact between parent and baby increaes this hormone:
oxytocin
blank are naturally occurring or synthetic molecules that interfere with the endocrine system
endocrine disruptors
If a newborn XY rat is castrated and later injected with estrogen as an adult baby it will display:
female-typical lordosis
Blank is secreted by pre-antral follicles, making it a marker of ovarian reserve
AMH
The hormone blank declines parental care to shift focus from mating to parental care
testosterone
blank prevents maternal estrogen from “masculinizing” the brain
alpha fetoprotein
The blank cells and Blank cells are the primary endocrine producing cells within the follicles during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
Theca cells and granulosa cells
The blank and Blank are two sexually dimorphic areas of the brain
SDN-POA and AVPV
Match the following hormones with their function
- hCG
- human placental lactogen
- oxytocin
- relaxin
- prolactin
- hCG = rescues the corpus luteum
- human placental lactogen= decreases maternal glucose storage
- oxytocin = stimulates milk ejection
- relaxin = loosens ligaments in joints of pelvis
- prolactin= stimulates milk production
