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Medicine year 1 > GI buzzwords > Flashcards

GI buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve supplies the rectum

A

S4, inferior rectal nerve

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2
Q

What is the treatment of H.pylori

A

triply therapy (amoxicllin, PPI, clarithromycin/metronidazole)
Urea breath test

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3
Q

how do you differentiate between gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

Gastric ulcers cause pain shortly after eating (+nausea and vomiting)
Duodenal ulcers cause pain a few hours after eating (relieved by eating/antacids)

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4
Q

Which type of hepatitis can become chronic

A

C (haematological)

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5
Q

What are causes of hepatitis E

A

Contaminated or undercooked food

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6
Q

What infection is hepatitis D superimposed on

A

hepatitis B

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7
Q

Which condition has a bird beak appearance

A

achalasia

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8
Q

How are oesophageal varices treated (3)

A

resuscitation
IV terlipressin
Banding

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9
Q

What aid used in prophylaxis of oesophageal varices (3)

A

Beta blockers
EGD + Banding
TIPSS

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10
Q

What are the features of Crohn’s disease (3)

A

cobblestone mucosa
Recurrent oral stomatitis
Deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

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11
Q

How is Crohn’s managed (acute and maintenance)

A

acute management: steroids
Maintenance management: immunosuppressants, biologics, JAK inhibitors

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12
Q

What happens in Barret’s oesophagus

A

Replacement of normal stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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13
Q

What condition does a positive Murphy’s sign indicate

A

acute cholecystitis (inflammation of gallbladder)

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14
Q

What is Duke’s classification used for

A

Staging colorectal cancer

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15
Q

What is used to treat ascites

A

spironolactone

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16
Q

What are side effects of spironolactone (2)

A

hyperkalaemia
Gynaecomastia

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17
Q

What does thumb-printing at the splenic flexure indicate

A

Ischaemic colitis

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18
Q

Difference between haemorrhoids and rectal prolapse

A

haemorrhoids - prolapse of the rectal venous plexus due to increased pressure
Rectal prolapse - rectal tissue comes out

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19
Q

Management of SEPSIS give 3 take 3

A

Take bloods
Measure lactate
Measure urine output
Give fluids, antibiotics, and oxygen

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20
Q

What are grey turners, vomiting, raised amylase, and Cullen’s sign suggestive of

A

acute pancreatitis

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21
Q

what is the significance of Virchow’s node (2)

A

it is a left supraclavicular lymph node
Associate with gastric cancer

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22
Q

What do signet ring cells on biopsy suggest

A

diffuse stomach cancer

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23
Q

What is a corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow a sign of

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

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24
Q

What bacteria is associated with abdominal pain and diarrhoea after sour milk/shellfish

A

campylobacter

25
What is Charcot’s triad and what condition is it associated with
fever Jaundice Abdominal pain Associated with acute cholangitis
26
Definition of short bowel syndrome
less than 2m
27
Which part of the bowel does the superior mesenteric artery supply
midgut
28
Which vessel supplies the foregut
Coeliac trunk
29
which vessel supples the hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery
30
Position of the adrenal gland
suprarenal
31
What is a complication of IBD
Toxic mega colon
32
How is toxic megacolon identified
x-ray
33
What is the treatmetn for haemochromatosis (2)
phlebotomy Blood letting
34
What are the different types of jaundice (3)
Pre-hepatic (excess breakdown) Intrahepatic (impaired ability) Post hepatic (blocked bile ducts)
35
What condition are Mallory hyaline bodies associated with
Alcoholic liver disease
36
Which pelvic floor muscle is important in urination and defecation
Levator ani muscle
37
At what vertebrae level does the coeliac trunk arise
T12
38
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk (3)
splenic artery Hepatic artery Left gastric artery
39
Where do the gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal arteries arise from
Hepatic artery
40
Onion-skinning fibrosis + bile duct beading are signs of what condition
primary sclerosing cholangitis
41
What is the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity when supine
Hepatorenal recess (morrison’s pouch)
42
What is the pouch of Douglas
The area between the rectum and the uterus in females (rectouterien pouch)
43
Which muscle of the cheek moves food during mastication
Buccinator
44
Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with what antibody
anti-mitochondrial antibody
45
Anti-smooth muscle antibody is associated with what condition
autoimmune hepatitis
46
What antibody is hepatocellular carcinoma associated with
alpha feto protein
47
What is the classic presentation of acute appendicitis
Periumbilical pain radiating to the right iliac fossa
48
What antibody is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis
anti-mitochondrial antibody
49
Presentation of primary biliary cirrhosis (3)
pruritus Jaundice Pigmentation
50
How does primary sclerosing cholangitis present (3)
pruritus Jaundice Abdominal pain
51
What LFT result is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis
raised ALP (AMA negative)
52
Which chronic liver disease is associated with early onset emphysema
alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency
53
Which chronic liver disease is associated with pigmentation and diabetes
haemochromatosis
54
Which chronic liver disease is associated with dysarthria, dyskinesia, dementia, and Kayser-Fleisher rings
Wilsons disease
55
What is the common pattern of LFTs in acute hepatocellular damage (2)
raised ALT and bilirubin Normal or raised ALP and GGT
56
What is the common pattern of LFTs in chronic hepatocellular damage
normal or raised ALT, ALP, GGT, and bilirubin
57
What is the common pattern of LFTs in cholestasis
Normal or raised ALT Raised ALP, GGT, and bilirubin
58
When is ALT greater than ALP
Hepatocellular damage
59
When is ALP grater than ALT
Cholestasis

Medicine year 1 (35 decks)

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