Important anatomy stuff Flashcards
Where do you place the stethoscope to auscultate the middle of the lung
ribs 4-6
In mid clavicles and mid axillary lines
Where do you place the stethoscope to auscultate the lung bases
(Posteriorly)
Scapular line at T11 vertebral level
Where is the horizontal fissure of the right lung
rib 4 level
Where are the oblique fissures of the right and left lungs (anteriorly and posteriorly)
anteriorly - rib 6
Posteriorly - T3
At what level does the larynx become the trachea
C6
Where do anterior intercostal arteries branch from
internal thoracic artery
Where do posterior intercostal arteries branch from
thoracic aorta
Where do anterior intercostal veins drain to
Internal thoracic veins
Where do posterior intercostal veins drain to
the azygous vein
Describe the components of intercostal neurovascular bundles, starting with the most superior structure
Vein
Artery
Nerve
Where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm
8
Where does the oesophagus piece the diaphragm
T10
Where does the aorta pierce the diaphragm
T12
What tissue is the diaphragm made of
skeletal muscle
What does the phrenic nerve consist of
anterior rami of C3, C4, and C5
What supplies the serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve
What three blood vessels are found on each side of the sternum
Internal thoracic artery and a pair of veins
How does a winged scapula arise
Paralysis of the long thoracic nerve
What is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity
Costodiaphragmatic recesss
How does fluid build-up in the costodiaphragmatic recess present on an X-ray (2)
blunting of angles
Fluid level
What is the tongue of the superior lobe of the left lung called
the lingua
Where is the cephalon vein located
delta-pectoral groove
Where does the trachea bifurcate
At the level of the sternal angle
Where do inguinal ligaments attach
Between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
Describe a direct inguinal hernia
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and directly out of the superficial ring
Describe an indirect inguinal hernia
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the deep ring, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring
Difference between a direct and an indirect inguinal hernia
If hernia is direct, the limb will reappear as it does not need to pass through the deep ring to get out into the scrotum
Where is the deep ring found
the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Which is medial: the vagus nerve or the phrenic nerve
the vagus nerve
Where does the tricuspid valve sit in relation to coronary arteries
deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery
What marks the boundary between the left and right ventricles
the anterior interventricular groove
Also contains the left anterior descending artery
What are the branches of the right coronary artery (2)
right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery
Where is the left coronary artery found
left atrioventricular groove
What are the branches of the left coronary artery (4)
circumflex
Left anterior descending
Left marginal
Lateral/diagonal branch
What is the fossa oval is
A depression in the right atrium
What are the three openings of the right atrium
superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
What is the Crista terminal is
the boundary between smooth and rough part of the right atrium
How are the heart valves connected to the heart wall
by tendinous cords anchored to papillary muscles
What differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum
The transverse thoracic plane between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc
How do the vagus nerves pass through the diaphragm
With the oesophagus (T10)
Where does the azygous vein drain to
Superior vena cava
Which arteries branch from the descending aorta
bilateral posterior intercostal arteries
What is the venous angle
the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins
Where is the left venous angle located (surface anatomy)
Left sternoclavicular joint
Where do the vagus nerves and phrenic nerves sit in relation to the lung root
vagus nerves - posterior to the lung root
Phrenic nerves - anterior to the lung root
Where is the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve
hooking under the ligament arteriosum
.
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook
Under the subclavian artery
Which tongue muscles are innervated by CNXII
hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Which nerve links to the palatoglossus muscle
CN X (the vagus nerve)
Which nerve innervates constrictor muscles of the pharynx
CN X (vagus nerve)
Which nerves innervation the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx (2)
CN IX, CN X
which is the only muscle innervated by CNIX
Stylopharyngeus
Describe the nerves involved in the gag reflex (2)
sensory limb - CN IX
Motor limb CN IX + CN X
Which nerves innervates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue (2)
CNV3 (general sensory)
CN VII (special sensory)
Which nerve innervates the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
CN IX
Which nerve innervates the muscles of jaw opening and closing
CN V3 (Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)
What muscle is involved in jaw opening
lateral pterygoid
Which muscles are involved in jaw closing (3)
masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Which bone are the pterygoid plates part of
the sphenoid bone
How does pain of appendicitis progress (2)
begins as a dull ache around umbilicus
Becomes a sharp, localised pain in RIF due to irrational of the parietal peritoneum
Which part of the GI tract does the vagus nerve innervate
Up to distal end of transverse colon
Which nerve innervates the remains part of the GI tract (descending colon to anal canal)
pelvic splanchnic nerves
What type of organ is the liver: intra peritoneal or retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
Which organs does the coeliac trunks supply
Organs of the foregut
Which ribs protect the spleen
9-11
Describe the course of the splenic artery (2)
torturous
Superior border of pancreas
Which vessels supply the stomach (2)
right and left gastric arteries
Right and left gastro-omental arteries
Which vessel supplies the gall bladder
Cystic artery
Describe the ampulla of vaster/hepatopancreatic ampulla
Formed by the bile duct joining with the pancreatic duct
Which vessels supply the pancreas (2)
pancreatic branches of splenic artery
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Where are paracolic gutters found
Greater sac of the peritoneal cavity
Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac
L4 level
What is the marginal artery of Drummond
The main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine
Describe the blood supply to the rectum and anal canal (2)
Hindgut - superior rectal artery
Somatic - middle and inferior rectal arteries
Where do the important portal-systemic anastomoses occur (3)
distal end of oesophagus
Skin around umbilicus
Rectum/anal canal
Where is the levator ani muscle found
the pelvic floor
What three muscles are associated with the levator ani
iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Where does the sigmoid colon become the rectum
at the rectosigmoid junction
Anterior to s3
Where does the rectum become the anal canal
anterior to the tip of the coccyx
Which nerve stimulates contraction of the internal anal sphincter
pudendal nerve
Describe path of the pudendal nerve (2)
exits pelvic via greater sciatic foramen
Enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
Where do the ischioanal fossae lie
either side of anal canal
Where does bile travel through from the liver
the common hepatic duct
Were does bile travel through from the gall bladder
Bile duct
