Cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards
What is the tunica adventitia made out of
Supporting connective tissue
What is the supply to large blood vessels known as
Vaso vasorum
How are meta arterioles different from other arterioles (2)
they terminate into capillaries
Smooth muscle is replaced by discontinuous contractile cells - pericytes
What are the three type of capillaries
fenestrated
Discontinuous
Continuous
Where do capillary networks drain
post-capillary venules
What are the three layers of the heart
endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
What is the endocardium composed of (4)
endothelium
Basal lamina
Collagen fibres (thin layer)
Dense connective tissue layer
What does the myocardium consist of (3)
bundles+layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres
Surrounded by collagenous connective tissue
With capillary networks
What is epicardium composed of (4)
epithelium
Basal lamina
Fibroelastic connective tissue
Adipose tissue (some places)
What is the pericardium
A sac that surrounds and protects the heart
What are the two layers of the pericardium
fibrous
Serous
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium composed of
fibro-collagenous connective tissue
What is the serous pericardium composed of (3)
squamous epithelium
Basal lamina
Connective tissue
What does the skeleton of the heart consist of
thick bands of fibrous connective tissue
Where is the fibrous skeleton of the heart found (3)
heart valves
Between atria
Between ventricles
Describe the core of the heart’s skeleton (3)
Known as the lamina fibrosa
Dense connective tissue
Continuous with the fibrous skeleton
What are the atrioventricular valves anchored to and how
to papillary muscles
By collagenous strands (chordae tendineae)
What are valves covered by
endothelium
What are the three types of cardiac muscle cells
contractile cells
Pacemaker cells
Conducting cells
Where are Purkinje fibres found
sub-endocardial layer
What is notable about the way Purkinje fibres (2)
They have sparse actin and myosin filaments
They distribute excitatory activity in a way that means that ventricular contraction occurs from inferior to superior
What is the most common mechanisms resulting in heart failure in patients with myocarditis
Systolic dysfunction
What cells migrate from the tunica media into the intima forming a fibrous capsule over the plaque
smooth muscle cells
What is the most common mechanism resulting in heart failure in patients with arrhythmias
systolic dysfunction
Which medication is the side effect of a cough associated with
ACE inhibitors
An ECG showing no association between P waves and QRS complexes reflects what condition
complete heart block
Which is the most common form of cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
A collapsing pulse is associated with which conditions (2)
patent ductus arteriosus
Aortic regurgitation
What condition is associated with a loud S1
Mitral stenosis
