Respiratory - histology

Question 1

Describe respiratory epithelium

Answer 1

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated with goblet cells

Question 2

Function of the nasal cavity

Answer 2

to produce space for warming, moistening, and filtering inspired air

Question 3

Where is specialised olfactory epithelium found

Answer 3

Roof of the nasal cavity

Question 4

What lines the vestibule of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

What is underneath the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity (3)

Answer 5

Lamina propria
Loose connective tissue band containing seromucous glands
Thin-walled venous sinuses

Question 6

What do the walls of the larynx consist of (3)

Answer 6

cartilage
Muscle
Respiratory epithelium

Question 7

What is the trachea composed of (2)

Answer 7

C-shaped cartilages
With gap spanned by fibro-elastic tissue and smooth muscle

Question 8

What is beyond the respiratory epithelium of the trachea (3)

Answer 8

basal lamina
Lamina propria
Submucosa

Question 9

How are the bronchi different histologically from the trachea

Answer 9

the cartilages are irregular rather than C shaped

Question 10

What do the walls of the bronchi consist of (3)

Answer 10

respiratory epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis

Question 11

Describe the Muscularis of bronchi walls (4)

Answer 11

Ring of smooth muscle with
Adipose tissue
Submucosa
Seromucous glands

Question 12

Bronchiole histology (3)

Answer 12

epithelium goes from columnar to cuboidal
May contain goblet cells
Lack cartilage

Question 13

What is the lamina propria of bronchioles composed of (3)

Answer 13

smooth muscle
Elastic fibres
Collagenous fibres

Question 14

What are terminal bronchioles (2)

Answer 14

The smallest bronchioles
Lack respiratory function

Question 15

How do bronchioles respond to parasympathetic inner action

Answer 15

Smooth muscle contraction leads to Constriction of bronchiole

Question 17

What unique type of cell do terminal bronchioles contain

Answer 17

non-ciliated club cells
Which project above layer of ciliated cells

Question 18

Going from bronchioles to alveoli, what change happens

Answer 18

cuboidal epithelium is replaced by discontinuous squamous type I alveolar cells

Question 19

What are the types of epithelial cells of alveoli (2)

Answer 19

type I alveolar cells - simple squamous epithelium
Type II alveolar cells - polygonal cells

Question 20

Function of type II alveolar cells (3)

Answer 20

Reducing tendency for alveoli to collapse after expiration
release surfactant via exocytosis
This surfactant spreads over pulmonary surface to reduce surface tension at air-fluid interface

Question 21

Where is surfactant found in type II alveolar cells

Answer 21

cytoplasm, in membrane-bound lamellar bodies

Question 22

Which type of alveolar cell is more abundant

Answer 22

type I

Question 23

What other type of cell (not epithelial) do alveoli contain

Answer 23

alveolar macrophages

Question 24

Describe action of alveolar macrophages (3)

Answer 24

phagocytose inhaled particles
Transported by ciliary action to pharynx
Are swallowed/move into septal connective tissue

Question 25

What are lung surrounded by (and what is this made of 2)

Answer 25

visceral pleura
(Mesoepithelium backed by fibrous and elastic connective tissue)

Question 26

What structures are alveoli associated with (3)

Answer 26

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

Question 27

describe the conducting portion of the airway (2)

Answer 27

Extends form trachea to terminal bronchioles
No gas exchange occurs with blood

Question 28

.

Answer 28

.