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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Three learning styles

A

Visual, auditory, tactile

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1
Q

The study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Learner that relies on visual cues

A

Visual learner

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3
Q

Learners that learn from traditional lecture and discussion

A

Auditory learner

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4
Q

Learn best by actively participatingand doing hands on activities

A

Tactile learner

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5
Q

You should study for at least how many hours for every hour spent in class.

A

Two or three

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6
Q

When you think about the material as you are reading it you are an

A

Active learner

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7
Q

Reading often produces memorization. Active studying produces what

A

Understanding

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8
Q

SQR3

A 
Survey
Question
Read
Recite
Review
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9
Q

How can you slow yourself down when taking a multiple choice or true/false test?

A

Cover your answers with your hand while you read the question. Look when you have an answer in your head

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10
Q

Results collected from experiments

A

Data

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11
Q

The internal processes of living organisms

A

Physiology

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12
Q

The answer to an equation

A

Product

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13
Q

In division the number being divided is

A

The dividend

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14
Q

The number by which it is divided is the

A

Divisor

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15
Q

In division the total is the

A

Quotient

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16
Q

In biology the term normal means

A

Average….

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17
Q

Another term for average is

A

Mean

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18
Q

Using the mean helps to minimize the error from

A

Individual triAls

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19
Q

A micrometer equals

A

1/1000 of a millimeter

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20
Q

Define coefficient in math

A

In scientific notation, place the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes

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21
Q

10 to the 9th

A

Billions

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22
Q

10 to the -6

A

Millionths

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23
Q

Expresses a relationship between two or more numbers

A

Ratio , can use a colon, a fraction or the word 2, decimals or percents

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24
Q

Statements of equal ratos

A

Proportions

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25
Q

If two ratios are equal, their cross products are

A

Equal

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26
Q

Metric measure of length

A

Meter

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27
Q

Metric measure of mass

A

Kilogram

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28
Q

Metric measure of volume

A

Liter

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29
Q

Metric measure of temperature

A

Degree of celcius

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30
Q

Cells are microscopic and best measured in small units called

A

Micrometer or 1 milionth of a meter

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31
Q

Metric prefixes with exponent greater than zero

A

Deka hecto kilo mega giga

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32
Q

Metric prefixes with exponent less than 0

A

Deci centi milli micro nano pico

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33
Q

Tell me about the paper clip and why it is useful

A

Mass 1 g
Width 1 cm
Wire diameter 1mm

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34
Q

When converting within metric units, put the units in scientific notTion and subtract the smaller exponent from the larger one. The difference is how many

A

Spaces the decimal will move in your coefficient

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35
Q

When converting within metric units. If you are converting from small units to larger ones, the number gets

A

Smaller so the decimal moves to the left.

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36
Q

The actual amount of something , closely related to weightbut weight takes into account the force of gravity.

A

Mass

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37
Q

Mass will be constant but weight willvary with

A

Gravity

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38
Q

Mass can be measured with a digital scale that measures in grams but often in labs we use a

A

Trip,e beambalance

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39
Q

Thr amount of space a substance occupie

A

Volume

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40
Q

The dip of fluid in a graduated cylinder is the

A

Meniscus read from its bottom

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41
Q

A pictoral view of data

A

GrAph

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42
Q

When reading a graph read the title first then

A

The axes, the key, and labels. Then take in relationships

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43
Q

Bio terms come from what language

A

Latin and Greek

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44
Q

What is an abbreviation

A

A shortened form of a word

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45
Q

What is an acronym

A

Word formed from key letters of each word

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46
Q

Define eponym

A

Terms that include someone’s name

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47
Q

The first step in learning biology

A

Learning the vocabulRy

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48
Q

Terms where the name is closely relAted to its meanin

A

Descriptive terms

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49
Q

Ology meAns

A

The study of

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50
Q

Review prefixes page 103 to 125

A

Review

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51
Q

Review singular plural p 128

A

Review

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52
Q

Before you start a chapter in biology, learn and understand

A

The vocabulary and how it is built

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53
Q

The scientific study ofthe interactions between organisms and their environment

A

Ecology

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54
Q

Explain form fits function

A

A parts structure reflects the job it does

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55
Q

Where do plant cells get the energy they use for work

A

From the sun

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56
Q

How many major categories of bacteria are there

A

Two

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57
Q

The process that results in the evolution of adaptive traits in groups of organisms

A

Evolution

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58
Q

Begins at the simplest level of structural organization and ends at the most complex

A 
The biological hierarchy of organization:
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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59
Q

The largest and most complex level encompassing the environments thatare inhabited by life

A

Biosphere

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60
Q

The bottom three levels also a part of chemistry

A

Atom
Molecule
Macromolcule

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61
Q

The organelle and cell are covered by anither science discipline

A

See table 3.1 could it be cytology or cell biology

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62
Q

What branch of science covers the ecosystem

A

See table 3.1 ecology?

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63
Q

Study of organ, organsystem, organism

A

Anatomy and physiology

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64
Q

All matter is made up of

A

Chemical elements

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65
Q

Smallest piece of n element

A

Atom

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66
Q

Atoms unite to form

A

Molecules

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67
Q

Provide the nutrients and building materials living organisms need to stay alive and healthy and they participate in chemical reactions that do all the work performd by those organisms

A

Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules

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68
Q

Macromolecules can unite to form complex structures called

A

Organelles

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69
Q

Crry out functions inside cells

A

Organelles

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70
Q

Contain the combination of organelles necessary to sustain life

A

Cells … The first level of organization that we consider to be alive

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71
Q

Groups of cells organized to perform a common function

A

Tissue

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72
Q

Tissues orgqnized into a larger functnal unit

A

Organ

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73
Q

Multiple organs combined

A

Organ systm

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74
Q

Localized group of organisms belonging to same species

A

Population

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75
Q

Populations of different species living in the same area

A

Biological community

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76
Q

Interactions between living organisms in a community and the nonliving features of the environment such as sunlight and water

A

Ecosystem

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77
Q

The ole is greater than the sum of its parts explains the concept of a

A

System

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78
Q

Cell, organisms and ecosystmes are all examples of systems…, true or false.

A

True

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79
Q

The lowest level of structure that has the ability to,perform all the activities necessary for life including reproduction

A

Cell

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80
Q

Single cell organism also called

A

Unicellular organism

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81
Q

Basis of reproduction, growth and repair

A

Ability of cells to divide to form new cells

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82
Q

Chemical material of gnes

A

Dna

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83
Q

Units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring

A

Genes

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84
Q

Two types of cells

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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85
Q

Cells lacking in internal membrnes and therefore not able to have an enclosed nucleus

A

Pro (before) karyotic (nucleus) they are unicellular and microscopic . One example bacteria.

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86
Q

Nucleus encloses the cells dna

A

Eu (true) karyotic (nucleus). These cells also have organelles.

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87
Q

Relatively constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis “ to stay the same”…. Maintaing the right balance of conditions within an organism

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88
Q

Most work done within an organism is the result of

A

Chemical reactions … They occur most efficiently if there is a relatively constant temperature, the right amount of water, the right amountof chemicals,

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89
Q

If the body cools too much, chemical reactions ill occur

A

More slowly

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90
Q

If body temperature gets too hot chemical reactions

A

Speedup and some chemicals may be destroyed

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91
Q

Living organisms are composed mostly of

A

Water

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92
Q

The mail component of human cells and blood

A

Water

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93
Q

If th body has too little water

A

Nutrients can not be adequately transported to your cells and wastes acculumate to toxic levels.your cells work less efficiently and die

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94
Q

If the body has too much water

A

Brain cells swell and death can occur

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95
Q

Both problems have a solution. Because the problems are opposite so are the solutions,.both solutions stop once theproblem is corrected … They are self limiting. This kind of control is called

A

Negativfeedback… Te most common control mechanism in animal physiology and th way the body maintains homeostasis

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96
Q

The control system by which animal bodies correct errors and restore health

A

Negative feedback

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97
Q

The ultimate purpose of our existence

A

Reproduction

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98
Q

Sum of genetic characters passed from parents to offspring

A

Inheritance

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99
Q

Inherited information in the form of what enables organisms to reproduce their own kind

A

Dna

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100
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

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101
Q

Energy is used by cells to

A

Move, grow, reproduce, ec

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102
Q

All the chemical reactions thattake place in a cell

A

Metabolism

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103
Q

Cells that can harness the power of the sun can perform

A

Photosynthesis

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104
Q

Solar enery convertd to the chemical energy contained in sugars

A

Photosynthesis

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105
Q

Cells that cannot perform photosynthesis use chmical energy obtained from

A

Photwynthetic cells

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106
Q

Most ecosystems are run on solar power comcertd to chemical energy y plants and

A

Other photosynthetic cells… Producer

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107
Q

Organisms that feed on plants directly or indirctly

A

Consumers

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108
Q

In the ecosystem, ener flows from sunlight to producers to consumers in the process some energy is lost as

A

Heat

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109
Q

Living is work and word requires that organisms

A

Obtain and use energy

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110
Q

Extra energy is stored in the body as

A

Fat

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111
Q

All living things reuse

A

Both energy and materials

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112
Q

Camoflage is an example of

A

Evolutionary adaptation

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113
Q

An inherited trait that helps the organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its particular environment

A

Adaptation

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114
Q

How do mantids and other organismsadapt to their environments

A

Variations among individuals in a population

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115
Q

If a particular variation is helpful, individuals with the variation may live longer and produce more offspring than those that did not have it

A

Natural selection

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116
Q

The mechanism by which evolution occurs

A

Natural selection

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117
Q

How many species identified

A

1.8 million identified …. Probably 10 to 200 million

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118
Q

Explain biodiversity

A

290000 plants
52000 vertebrates
1000000 insects (more than half of pwn life
Vast variety of life

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119
Q

Branch of biology that names and classifies species

A

Taxonomy

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120
Q

Until last decade there were how many main groups or kingdoms

A

Five… Plant, animal, ….dna now suggests 6 8 or more….some suggest three

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya(plantar, fungi, animalia, protists)

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121
Q

Two do ains with prokaryotic cells

A

Bacteria and archaea …. In the old system they were one

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122
Q

Word science means

A

To know

123
Q

Two main scientific approaches

A

Discovery science and hpothesis drivenscience

124
Q

The data of discovery science

A

Verifisble observations and measurements

125
Q

What distinguishes science from belief in supernaturAl

A

Dependence on observations that other people can confirm

126
Q

Discovery science csn lead to important conclusions based on what type of logic

A

Inductive reasoning

127
Q

A generalization that summarizes many concurrent observations

A

Inductive reasoning

128
Q

Comprehensive explanations supported by abundant evidence

A

Theories (not speculation like the way we use it in conversation)

129
Q

Scientific method steps

A

1) make observation
2) ask a question
3) suggest an explanation or hypothesis
4) make a prediction
5) devise and perform a test
6) possibly rework hypothesis and prediction based on results of test

130
Q

Key element of the method that drives most modern science

A

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning or hypothesis driven science

131
Q

A tentative answer to some e question , an explanation on trial, an educated guess

A

Hypothesis

132
Q

Reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion

A

Induction

133
Q

Reasoning flows from general to specific

A

Deduction …. Usually takes the form of predictions about what outcomes of experiments we should expect

134
Q

Basic unit of a chemical substance

A

Atom

135
Q

Anything that has weight and occupies space

A

Matter

136
Q

Three most common states of matter

A

Solid liquid gas

137
Q

What subatomic particles interact during chemical reactions

A

Electrons,
Protons
Neutrons

138
Q

Three common types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

139
Q

What happens in anabolic reactions

A

Larger molecules are made

140
Q

What is meant by organic molecule

A

Contains both C and H

141
Q

Are proteins organic or inorganic

A

Organic

142
Q

All matter is composed of

A

Elements

143
Q

How many elements are recognized

A

110 with 90 occuring naturally on earth, dome occur in pure form (helium, neon) but must occur combined with other elements

144
Q

Living organisms require about how many elements

A

20

145
Q

By weight 95% of the human body is composed of four elements

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

146
Q

Each chemical is represented by a symbol typically

A

The first one or two letters of the elements name.

147
Q

If more than one element name begins with the same letter, the most common of these elements usually gets the

A

Single letter symbol

148
Q

Atoms are made of smaller units called

A

Subatomic particles

149
Q

The nucleus of an atom is not a structure. True or false

A

True

150
Q

In an atoms nucleus we find two types of relatively large subatomic particles called

A

Protons and neutrons - have a similar size and about the same mass.

151
Q

Positively charged paricle

A

Protons

152
Q

No electrical charge

A

Neutrons

153
Q

Orbit around the nucleus and are in constant motion, carry a negative charge

A

Electrons

154
Q

Nucleus always has what kind of charge

A

Positive

155
Q

The number of negatively charged electronsorbiting the nucleus equals the umber of protons in the nucleus. True or false

A

True

156
Q

Is an atom positive negative or neutral.

A

Neutral

157
Q

Multiple paths that electrons travel

A

Orbitals

158
Q

Electrons circle around the nucleus at different energy levels each of which is called a

A

Shell

159
Q

The first shell is closest to the

A

Nucleus

160
Q

First shell can accomodate

A

Two electrons

161
Q

The number offotons in an individual atom of that element

A

Atomic number

162
Q

In order for atoms to be of the same element they must have the same number of

A

Protons

163
Q

The total mass of a single atom of that element

A

Atomic mass/atomic weight

164
Q

Mass of one proton or one neutron

A

Atomic mass unit or 1u.

165
Q

Number of protons plus number of neutrons equals

A

Atomic weight

166
Q

Atoms of the same element with different weights

A

Isotopes

167
Q

Some isotopes are rAdioactive meaning they emit certain types of

A

Energy

168
Q

All chemical elements listed in the table

A

Peridic table of elements

169
Q

Each square on periodoc table shows what

A

Atomic number, chemical symbol, atomic weight(mass)

170
Q

The periodic table is organized by

A

Atomic number

171
Q

Rows on the table are called

A

Periods. Each row represents a shell of electrons.

172
Q

Columns on the table are called

A

Groups, each group represents how many electrons in outermost shell.

173
Q

When two atoms come together the first part to make contact is

A

The outer shell

174
Q

The number of protons in all atoms of a particular element is

A

Constant

175
Q

What determines an atoms chemical reactivity

A

The electrons in the outermost shell

176
Q

Shells can have multiple subshells. The outermost subshell is called the

A

Valancy shell….contains at most 2 electrons for helium or 8 for all other elements. If the outermost shell has max number of electrons, the atom is amazingly stable.

177
Q

Will not easily react with other atoms

A

Inert….last column of table. The atoms in all other columns lack a full outer shell.

178
Q

Unstable atoms gain lose or share electrons with orher unstable atoms until

A

They become stable

179
Q

All atoms that have gained or lost electrons carry an electrical charge and are called

A

Ions

180
Q

Ions of opposite charges

A

Attract each other and form ionic bonds

181
Q

How does an ionic bond form

A

When atoms gain or lose electrons forming oppositely charged ions that are drawn together by their charges

182
Q

Two atoms share electrons in their outer shells to become stable

A

Covalent bond (full valancy shells)

183
Q

Elents closer to thesides of the table are more likely to form

A

Ionic bonds

184
Q

Elements toward the moddle of the table more likely to form

A

Covalent bonds

185
Q

A weak bond that can form between hydrogen atoms in one molecule and sone atoms in other molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

186
Q

Slight charge imbalance

A

Polarity

187
Q

Polar molecules can form

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

188
Q

Disolves in another substance

A

Solute

189
Q

What is Solvent

A

.

190
Q

Sticks to surfaces well

A

Adhesion

191
Q

Molecules stick to each other

A

Cohesion

192
Q

A molecule on which there is an uneven charge distribution across the molecule resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charges

A

Polar molecule

193
Q

When two or more atoms of the same element bind they form a

A

Molecule of thT element

194
Q

If atoms of different elements bind the substsnce is called

A

A compound

195
Q

Tells you what a molecule is made of

A

Molecular formula

How many peces are in molecule
But not
How they are hooked together that would be the structural formula

196
Q

Difference between molecule and compound

A

Molecule 2 or more atoms join, if they are from different elements the substance is a compound

197
Q

All activities that occur within living organisms start with

A

Chemical reactions

198
Q

In a chemical equayion the substance to the left of an arrow

A

Reactants…to th right is the product

199
Q

Many reactions are reversible meaning

A

They can go in either direction

200
Q

Three types of reactions

A

Synthesis, decomposition, exchange

201
Q

Reactions that build

A

Synthesis or anabolic

202
Q

Reaction in which larger structures are broken down into smaller parts

A

Decomposition reactions or catabolic reactions

203
Q

Rewction to swap pieces , split apart and recombine in a new way

A

Exchange reactions

204
Q

Main categories of organic compounds are

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids

205
Q

Chemicals that do not contsin both hydrogen and carbon

A

Inorganic compounds

206
Q

Liquid between a cells membrane and nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

207
Q

Main difference between plant and animal cell

A

Plant cells have cell walls

208
Q

What types of molecules make up a cell membrane

A

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and some carbohydrates

209
Q

Ribosome function

A

Build protein

210
Q

Molecules that can pass easily through cell membrane

A

Lipid soluable molecules

211
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

212
Q

What moves during osmosis

A

Water

213
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

The nuclear contents divide.

214
Q

Study of cells

A

Cell biology or cytology

215
Q

Who came up with the name cell

A

Robert hooke while studying cork

216
Q

Principles of cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
  2. Cells are basic structural and functional units of life
  3. All vital functions of an organism occur within cells
  4. All cells come from preexisting cells
  5. Cells contain hereditary info that regulates cell functions and is passed from generation to generation.
217
Q

Humans have how many different cell types in our bodies

A

Over 200 different types

218
Q

The basic structural and functional units of life

A

Cells

219
Q

Ends with cell dividing to produce two daughter cells

A

The normal cell cycle

220
Q

What is nucleoid

A

.

221
Q

What are plasmids

A

.

222
Q

All animal and plant cells are

A

Eukaryotic cells

223
Q

A nucleoid is on,y found in

A

Pro karyotic cells .

224
Q

Helps achieve goal of homeostasis is

A

Cell embrane or plasma membrane

225
Q

Cell membrane made of

A

Phospholipid molecules with phosphate head which is hydrophilic, and fatty acid tails the reason why the molecule is a lipid. Lipids are hydrophobic.

226
Q

The cell has an inside and an outside and bith contain

A

Water

227
Q

Difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic

A

.

228
Q

Basic structure of phospholipid bilayer

A

The hydrophilic phosphate heads are arranged in teo layers so they face the water in the extracellular fluid and in the cytoplasm. The hydrophobic tails are sandwiched in the middle out of contact with the water

229
Q

Cell membrane is

A

Semi permeable

230
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain

A

Cytoplasm and a nucleus

231
Q

Liquid part of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

232
Q

Largest organelle

A

Nucleus which houses dna with thebinstructions on how to make a specific protein

233
Q

All cells in an animals body contain two copies of each gene

A

One from each parent

234
Q

Dna is organiEd into thread

Ike strands called

A

Chromatin that condense into rodlike structures called chromosomes

235
Q

Dna determines all the proteins at can be made by any cell but

A

Only certain proteins are made by each tyyoe of cell

236
Q

The nucleus is enclosed in a

A

Nuclear envelope made up of a double membrane pierced periodically by nuclear pores

237
Q

Jellylike liqud inside nuclear membrane

A

Nucleoplasm

238
Q

Tiny organelle responsible for assembling protein

A

Ribosome during protein synthesis uses RNA after being called by messenger mrna

239
Q

Ribodomal rrna is actually made inside

A

The nucleud at the nucleolus

240
Q

Proteins are made in the ribosome by linking together small molecules called

A

Amino acids

241
Q

An extensive network of membranus tubes and channels inside the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum …. Connects different parts of cell and provides communication network within cell.

242
Q

Stack of flattened membranous sacs used for processing packaging and shipping in cell

A

Golgi apparatus…chemically tags where to go

243
Q

Saclike structure

A

Vesicle

244
Q

In a eukaryotic cell where would you find ribodomes

A

May be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

245
Q

Functional relationship of parts of cell

A

Nucleus houses dna
Dna has instructions on how to build protein
Protein built at ribosome in nucleolus
Many ribosomes are on rough er
Protein moves into golgi
Golgi processes packages ships to destination

246
Q

Cells powerhouse

A

Mitochondria the constant supply of energy to drive cell work

247
Q

Cellular energy comes from

A

Food where it is stored in chemical bonds that hold food atoms together.

248
Q

Specialized chemical reactions in mitochondria harness energy and store it

A

In a molecule called atp

249
Q

Mitichondria are

A

Unique organelles that contain their own genetic information and can reproduce. These elongated organelles are enclosed by a double membrane similar to a nuclear membrane.

250
Q

In mitochondria describe outer and inner membrane

A

Outer membrane is smooth but inner membrane is highly folded.

251
Q

Green plants contsin unique organelles called

A

Chloroplasts which contain their own dna and can reproduce

252
Q

Chloroplast parts

A 
Inner membrane
Outer membrane
Space between membranes
Stroma fluid in chloroplast
Granum disks
253
Q

Cells janitorial staff, small membranous bag containing strong digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes break down material

254
Q

Outer cell partition

A

Cell membrane

255
Q

Inside holds cell up

A

Cytoskeleton

256
Q

Tiny tubes in cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules. Thesecand microfilaments are made of proteins.

257
Q

Area of the cell composed of paired cylindrical structures made of microtubules

A

Centrosome or central body, structures are called centrioles

258
Q

Direct movement of chromosomes when a cell reproduces

A

Centrioles which also form part of two other structures cilia and flagella

259
Q

Fringe on cell

A

Cilia, mobile extensions of cell, move in wavelike manner

260
Q

Single long tail like extension of cell

A

Flagellum….humans only on sperm cell

261
Q

Atoms and molecules constsntly move in a random mNner

A

Brownian motion … Nondirectional jiggly

262
Q

Review cell organelle list

A

P224

263
Q

Exists whenever there is a difference between concentrations of the moleculevin teo areas

A

Concentration gradient

264
Q

Equal space between all molecules

A

Equilibrium

265
Q

Basic type of molecular movement

A

Simple diffusion moving from area of higher concentration to lower concentration

266
Q

Whenever there is a concentration gradient molecules will spontaneously

A

Move down the concentration gradient

267
Q

The rate at which molecules diffuse varies under different conditions. Molecules diffuse faster when there is a greater

A

Concentration gradient between the two areas.

268
Q

Molecules in high concentrations diffuse

A

Faster than those in lower concentrations.

269
Q

Snaller molecules move

A

Faster than larger molecules.

270
Q

Increwased temperature increases

A

Diffusion rate

271
Q

Only what can diffuse directly through the cell membrane

A

Lipid soluble nonpolar molecules

272
Q

Larger polar molecules such as glucose cannot

A

Diffuse through membrane as easily. Instead they are moved by a special protein carrier molecule in the cell membrane. This is facilitated diffusion.

273
Q

Passive progress by which moleculesspontaneously move fromwhere they are in high concentration to where they are in low concentration

A

Diffusion

274
Q

Special type of diffusion

A

Osmosis

275
Q

Material that gets disolved

A

Solute

276
Q

Material that dissolves the solute.

A

Solvent. Resu,t is solution.

277
Q

The more concentrated the solute the less concentrated the

A

Solvent(water)

278
Q

Molecules never stop moving even after

A

Reaching equilibrium

279
Q

Each of your cells has two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane

A

Extracellular fluid outside cell and intracellular fluid inside the cell. Crll membrane is semipermeable not fully permeable

280
Q

By osmosis water diffuses it moves down its concentration gradient from where it is in

A

Highest concentration to where it is in lower concentration

281
Q

Iv fluids should have the same water concentration as intracelular fluids so that the water will be at equilibrium

A

Isotonic

282
Q

Moving molecules against concentration gradient is called

A

Active transport

283
Q

In active transport one way doorways in the cell membrane are called

A

Molecular pumps

284
Q

Method by which golgi expels vesicles

A

Exocytosis

285
Q

Cell takes in rather large objects or liquid with dissolved materials

A

Endocytosis

286
Q

Three types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis

287
Q

Process by which solids are moved into your cells sonetimes called cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

288
Q

Extensions of cell membrane

A

Pseudopodia or false feet

289
Q

Extensions fuse and form memranous sac moving inward

A

Phagosome

290
Q

Why do lysosomes fuse with phagosome

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes that will break down the contents of the phagosome rendering potential threats harmless and recycking materials that are then made to the cell for reuse.

291
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis

A

.

292
Q

A way cells bring in liquids referred to as cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

293
Q

What is an endosome

A

.

294
Q

Duration of cell cycle varies with

A

Cell type

295
Q

Two main parts of cell cycle

A

I terphase and cell reproduction

296
Q

Mosts cells spend majority of life cycle in

A

Interphase

297
Q

Cell division includes two processes

A

Mitosis and cytokenesis

298
Q

Division of nucleus

A

Mitosis

299
Q

Four phases of mitosis

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

300
Q

First phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses into rodlike structures called chromosomes

A

Prophase

301
Q

Middle phase chromosomes align precisely in duplicated pairs along midline of cell

A

Metaphase

302
Q

Duplicated chromosomes separate one goes to each side

A

Anaphase

303
Q

Final phase of mitosis during which chromosomes complete their journey to opposite poles. Like a reverse prophase

A

Telophase

304
Q

Review cell cycle

A

P 240

305
Q

Mitosis just divides the

A

Nucleus or chromosomes

306
Q

Process by which cytoplasm divides

A

Cytokinesis begins during anaphase ends at end of telophase. Original cell is gone and two new daughter cells. Are in interphase

AP Bio (18 decks)

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