Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 1

totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds

Answer 2

Catabolic Pathways

Question 3

consume energy to build complicated molecule from simpler ones

Answer 3

Anabolic Pathways

Question 4

study of how organisms manage their energy resources

Answer 4

Bioenergetics

Question 5

capacity to do work

Answer 5

Energy

Question 6

possessed by anything that moves

Answer 6

Kinetic Energy

Question 7

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Answer 7

Potential Energy

Question 8

potential stored in molecules as a result of the arrangement of atoms in those molecules

Answer 8

Chemical Energy

Question 9

study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Answer 9

Thermodynamics

Question 10

energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 10

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 11

every energy transfer or transformation increase the entropy of the universe

Answer 11

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 12

measure of disorder

Answer 12

entropy

Question 13

portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system

Answer 13

free energy

Question 14

energy outward” net release of free energy; spontaneous

Answer 14

Exergonic Reaction

Question 15

energy inward” absorbs free energy from surroundings; nonspontaneous

Answer 15

Endergonic Reaction

Question 16

open system due to materials flowing in and out the product of 1 reaction becomes a reactant in the next step

Answer 16

Metabolic Disequilibrium

Question 17

use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

Answer 17

Energy Coupling

Question 18

closely related to one type of nucleotide found in nucleic acids

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

recipient of the phosphate group when ATP releases energy

Answer 19

Phosphorylated

Question 20

chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Answer 20

Catalyst

Question 21

catalytic protein

Answer 21

Enzyme

Question 22

initial investment of energy for starting a reaction

Answer 22

Free energy of Activation (Activation Energy)

Question 23

the reactant an enzyme acts on

Answer 23

substrate

Question 24

restricted region of the enzyme molecule actually binds to substrate

Answer 24

active site

Question 25

as substrate enters active site, cause enzyme to change its shape slightly so active site fits more snugly

Answer 25

INduced Fit

Question 26

nonprotein helpers for catalytic activity, are bound tightly to active site as premanent residents OR bind loosely and reversibly along with substrate

Answer 26

Cofactors

Question 27

cofactor is an organic molecule

Answer 27

Coenzyme

Question 28

reduce productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites

Answer 28

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 29

slows down enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme

Answer 29

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

Question 30

specific receptor site of some part of the enzyme molecule remote from the active site

Answer 30

Allosteric Site

Question 31

switching off of a metabolic pathway by its end products, which acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within pathway

Answer 31

Feedback Inhibition

Question 32

mechanism that amplifies response of enzymes to substrates: 1 substrate molecule primes an enzyme to accept additional substrate molecules more readily

Answer 32

Cooperativity

Question 33

a series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules (catabolic pathway)

Answer 33

metabolic pathway

Question 34

kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form

Answer 34

thermal energy

Question 35

thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

Answer 35

heat

Question 36

a process that occurs without an overall input of energy; a process that is energetically favorable

Answer 36

spontaneous process

Question 37

a temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules

Answer 37

enzyme substrate process