Geo - Tectonic Plates, Volcanoes And Earthquakes Flashcards
What is the inner core?
The solid centre and hottest part of the earth
What is the outer core?
The liquid Layer surrounding the core
What is The mantle
The thickest section of the earth, made up of semi molten rock called magma
What is the crust?
The outermost layer of the earth, with cool temperatures and solid surface
What are convection currents?
Currents in the magma moving all plates around
What are oceanic plates?
Denser layers of crust found underneath the ocean, often get subducted
What are continental plates?
Thicker but lighter sections of crust, less often destroyed
Where are earthquakes found?
All along every plate margin
Where are volcanoes found?
Only at constructive and destructive plate margins
What are hot spots?
Layers of thinner crust which allow for magma to occasionally erupt through eg. Hawaii
What is a destructive plate margin?
Usually involving a oceanic and continental plate, they move towards each other and the denser oceanic plate subducts underneath turning into magma
How do Volcanoes at destructive plate margins form
Magma from the subducted oceanic plate causes high pressure which then erupts through the surface
What are collision margins?
Where two continental plates meet, land buckles upwards to form mountains
What is the main margin where earthquakes occur
Destructive
What are constructive plate margins?
Where two plates move away from each other allowing for magma to rise up and form new land, eg. Iceland
What are conservative margins
Where two plates move along each other either in opposite directions or at different speeds, earthquakes here are violent as they are close to the surface
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Where the energy is released
What is the epicentre?
The point above the focus on the surface
What are Nepal’s primary effects
9000 people died, 20000 injured
1/3 of Nepal’s population affected
3 million left homeless
50% of shops destroyed leaving people helpless and starving
What are Nepal’s secondary effects?
Ground shaking caused landslides and avalanches blocking roads and killing people
Landslide blocked the Kali Gandaki river causing flooding
Why was the reconstruction of Nepal delayed?
There was a second earthquake on the 12th of May 2015
When did the Earthquake in Nepal take place?
25th April 2015
What was the measurement of the earthquake in Nepal?
7.9
What measurement is used to measure earthquakes
The Richter scale
What limited Nepal’s recovery
They are a LIC so responses were limited
What were Nepal’s immediate responses?
Search and rescue teams arrive from the UK, India and China
Tents set up to help the homeless
Financial aid pledged from other countries
What were Nepal’s long term responses?
Roads, schools and houses repaired
Stricter controls on building codes
More financial aid
Tourism re-opened to earn Nepal more money
When was the Earthquake in Chile?
27th of February 2010
What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Chile?
8.8
What plates were involved in the Chile earthquake?
Nazcar being subducted under South American causing a tsunami
Primary effects of the earthquake in Chile
500 people died and 12000 injured
220,000 people left homeless
Much of Chile lost power and water
Why were the effects on Chile far less than Nepal?
Chile was more prepared being a HIC
Secondary effects on Chile
Roads damaged by landslides
Several costal towns damaged by the Tsunami
How much did the Chile earthquake cost?
$30 billion
How much did the Nepal earthquake cost?
$5 billion
Chiles Immediate responses
Emergency services acted quickly
Temporary repairs to roads within 24 hours
Power and water restored to 90% of houses within 10 days
Small emergency shelters built for homeless
Chiles long term responses
Government helped pay for those who had their homes destroyed
Strong economy rebuilt without much foreign aid
