Bio - Cells Flashcards
What’s the Function of the Nucleus
Contains genetic material which controls all activities of the cell
What’s the function of the cytoplasm
A gel like substance where most chemical reactions take place by enzymes
What’s the function of the cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What’s the function of the mitochondria
Where most reactions for aerobic respiration occurs which transfers energy that cells need to work
What’s the function of the ribosomes
Where proteins are made in the cell
What is the function of the cell wall
Made of cellulose - supports the cell and strengthens it
What is the function of the permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap
What is the function of chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis takes place - contains chlorophyll
What’s the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotes are far more complex and make up large(er) organisms where prokaryotes make up single celled organisms
What type of cell are plant cells
Eukaryotes
What type of cells are bacteria
Prokaryotes
What type of cell are animal cells
Eukaryotes
What are plasmids
Small rings of DNA in bacterial cells
What are bacteria missing
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
How do light microscopes work
They use light and lenses to magnify, let’s us see individual cells and large sub cellular structures such as the nucleus
How do electron microscopes work
Use electrons instead of light to form an image - have a much higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes and so can see smaller sub cellular structures such as ribosomes
What formula is needed to work out magnification
Magnification = image size/real size
How do you prepare an onion slide?
- Add a drop of water to the slide
- Cut up the onion into a thin layer and add to the slide
- Add a drop of iodine to stain
- place the cover slip on top slowly and at an angle to avoid air bubbles
What is cell differentiation
When a cell changes to become suited to a particular job
What are stem cells
Undifferentiated cells
How are sperm cells specialised
They have a long tail, a streamlined body and many mitochondria to provide the cell with the energy needed to move
How are nerve cells specialised
They are long and have branched connections at their ends to form connections to other nerve cells and form a network
How are muscle cells specialised
They are long (so they have space to contract) and have many mitochondria to generate the energy they need
How are root hair cells specialised
Used on the surface of roots of plants, have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions
