Bio - Kidneys Flashcards
What are the two functions of the kidneys?
To remove urea and to maintain water to mineral ion ratio
What’s an advantage of a transplant
Better quality of life where dialysis could get in the way
What’s a disadvantage to transplants
Your body could reject the transplant
What’s a disadvantage to dialysis
Restricts lifestyle and diet
What’s an advantage to dialysis
You don’t need to wait for a donor so is more widely available
What do the kidneys not filter in the blood
Red blood cells, glucose and amino acids
What’s the process which keeps body conditions constant
Homeostasis
What hormone controls the concentration of water in the blood
ADH
Where is ADH produced
The pituitary gland in the brain
Define osmoregulation
The regulation of the concentration of water and ions
Why is osmoregulation important
If there is too much water in the cell it will burst
What happens if a cell doesn’t receive enough water
It won’t be able to carry out chemical reactions efficiently
What does ADH do in the kidney
Targets kidney nephrons making collecting ducts more permeable
What do permeable collecting ducts do
They allow more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream
How is ADH carried around the body
Through the bloodstream
Define diffusion
The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low
Define active transport
The net movement of particles from a low concentration to a high against the concentration gradient using energy from respiration
What happens to glucose and amino acids when going through the kidneys
They are reabsorbed by active transport against the concentration gradient
What happens to mineral ions as they pass through the kidneys
They are selectively reabsorbed
What does the renal artery do
Brings blood to the kidney
What does the renal vein do
Takes blood away from the kidney
What does the urethra do
Transports urine away from the kidney
Define excretion
The removal of waste produced due to chemical reactions
Where is urea produced
The liver
