Genki Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

【第2課ー1】What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of?

A

In Japanese we use これ、それ、あれ、どれ when we want to say “this thing” “that one” and so forth.

Disse ordene fungerer som substantiver, og står alene foran partikkel. Dette, det, det der borte, hvilken

これはほんです。
それはいすです。
あれはとしょかんです。

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2
Q

【第2課ー1#2】これ refers to….

A

a thing that is close to you, the speaker.これはほんです。

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3
Q

【第2課ー1#3】それ refers to….

A

something that is close to the person you are talking to (“that thing in front of you”)それはいすです。

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4
Q

【第2課ー1#4】あれ refers to….

A

refers to a thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener (“that one over there”)あれはとしょかんです

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5
Q

【第2課ー1#5】どれ refers to….

A

どれ refers to “which”.

どれですか - which one is it (that you are talking about)

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6
Q

【第2課ー1#6】Question words like どれ,どの and なに cannot be followed by what particle ?

A

…cannot be followed by the particle “は”. instead, you must use the particle “が”.

どれがあなたのじてんしゃですか。- which one is your bicycle ?
どれがあなたのペンですか。- which one is your pen?

This also goes for どの ; you must use が, and cannot use the particle は.

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7
Q

【第2課ー2】If you want to be slightly more specific than kore, sore and are, you can use ….

A

…you can use kono, sono and ano together with a noun. MUST be used with a noun.

これはいくらですか - how much is this?
このとけいはいくらですか - how much is this watch?

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8
Q

【第2課ー2 #2】The re series must always ___, while the no series must always be followed with a __

A

The re series must always stand alone, while the no series must always be followed with a noun.

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9
Q

【第2課ー2 #3】For det japanske ko-so-a-do systemet så bruker vi ordsett nr 2 når.. ?

この、その、あの、どの

A

Dette bruker vi når vi vil være litt mer spesifikke, og snakke om spesifikke ting, som en klokke.

Disse ordene fungerer som determinativer (bestemmerord), og står foran substantiver. Dette, det, det der borte, hvilken

このほんはあたらしいです。
そのひとはにほんじんです。
あのやまはきれいです。
どのひとですか。

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10
Q

【第2課ー3】 For det japanske ko-so-a-do systemet så bruker vi ordsett nr 3 når.. ?
ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ

A

Dette bruker vi når vi vil prate om plasser. Disse ordene er også substantiver (deiktiske stedsord).

大学(だいがく)はここです
本(ほん)はそこです。
あそこは学校(がっこう)です
たけしさんはどこですか。

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11
Q

【第2課ー4】What is the japanese question word for “who” ?

A

the question word for “who” is だれ.

あなたはだれですか - who are you?

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12
Q

【第2課ー4 #2】What is the japanese question word for “whose” ?

A

the question word for “who” is だれ, and for “whose” we simply add the particle の。

これはだれのかばんですか。 - whose bag is this
それはたかしさんのかばんです。- that is takashi’s bag.
あなたはだれですか - who are you?

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13
Q

【第2課ー5】Hva gjør も partikkelet?

A

mens は mener “Item A is this, Item B is that”, så sier も at “Item A is this, and item B is this too”.

A is B (は)
C TOO is B (も)
AはBです。CもBです。

このとけいは1000えんです。
そのとけいも1000えんです。

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14
Q

【第2課ー5 #2】Hvordan kan du bruke も partikkelet til å beskrive at noe/noen er flere ting?

A

du kan bruke det på en beskrivende og repeterende måte.

たけしさんもマリさんも学生(がくせい)です。
ベルゲンもオスロもさむいです。
これもこれもこれもこれもをおねがいします。 - jeg tar den og den og den og den.

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15
Q

【第2課ー6 】How do you negate a statement with the form X は Y です, where Y is a noun?

A

In this case you replace です with じゃないです.

山田(やまだ)さんは学生じゃないです。- Yamada er ikke student.

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16
Q

【第2課ー6 #2】can you negate sentences like おいしいです & たかいです by replacing です with じゃないです ?

A

No, these sentences cannot be negated by replacing です with じゃないです, because たかい & おいしい are not nouns (they are adjectives). Adjectives have their own conjugation patterns.

in that situation you would instead say:

たかくないです。
おいしくないです。

17
Q

【第2課ー7】 Which sentence-final particle do we use when the speaker is seeking the listener’s confirmation or agreement to what has been said?

A

In this case, then the sentence-final particle ね could be added.

ね in this case means “right?”

リーさんのせんこうはぶんがくですね - Ms. Lee, your major is literature, right?
これはにくじゃないですね. - this is not meat, is it?
いいですね。- Så bra!

18
Q

【第2課ー7#2】 Which sentence-final particle do we use when the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said?

A

よ - “I tell you”

With よ added , a statement becomes an authoritative decree.

とんかつはさかなじゃないですよ。 - Let me assure you, “tonkatsu” is not fish.
スミスさんはイギリス人ですよ。- (in case you’re wondering) Mr. Smith is british.

19
Q

【第2課ー7 - EX】hva er den formelle og uformelle versjonen av kopula?

A

Den formelle versjonen er です. Denne er regnet for å være en høflig form.

Kortformen だ regnes for å være en uformell, nøytral form av です.

For eksempel kan man si både:

おとうとはがくせいだ。- Min bror er student.
おとうとはがくせいです。- Min bror er student.

Betydningen er den samme, men det er den sosiale konteksten utsagnet faller i, som bestemmer hvilken av variantene man bruker.

På denne måten kan vi ved å veksle mellom de to variantene signalisere relativ intimitet eller avstand.

20
Q

【第2課ー7 - EX】Hva er です en forkortelse av?

A

です er en forkortelse av でありません som igjen er en høflig form av である。

Disse to variantene brukes i dag som skriftlige og formelle utgaver av kopula, men de brukes ikke i vanlig konversasjon, og er vanligst å finne i fagbøker og formelle sammenhenger som taler og foredrag.

21
Q

【第2課ー7 - EX】 Hva er forskjellen mellom じゃないです og じゃありません?

A

Ja nai desu er veldig uformelt. Den mer formelle erstattelsen for nai desu er arimasen.

じゃ er en kontraksjon av では , som er mer formell og passer mer i skreven form.

山田(やまだ)さんは学生(がくせい)じゃないです。- Yamada er ikke student.

山田(やまだ)さんは学生(がくせい)じゃありません。Mer konservativ språkstil

山田(やまだ)さんは学生(がくせい)ではありません。- formell, veldig passende i skreven form.

22
Q

【第2課ー7 - EN3】 ~を ください

A

(…o) kudasai er “Vennligst gi meg X”. du kan bruke det til å be om konkrete ting. (vennligst gi meg tonkatsu)

23
Q

【第2課ー7 - EN3】~を おねがいします

A

(….o) onegaishimasu er også et request for item X. Når du ber om en spesifikk ting, så høres (…o)onegaishimasu litt mer upscale ut enn (…o)kudasai. høres ofte på restauranter, og kan også brukes til å be om abstrakte ting, som en forklaring.