Genki Ch 20 Flashcards
When do we use extra modest expressions?
In order to be polite to someone we are talking to.
What sort of verbs are almost always used in extra modest expressions?
Long forms.
What is the extra modest form o いる?
おる
What is the long form of おる?
おります
What is the extra modest form of 行く and 来る?
まりる (U verb).
What is the extra modest form of 言う?
もうす
What is the extra modest form of する?
いたす
What is the extra modest form of both 食べる and 飲む?
いただく
What is the extra modest form of ある?
ござる
What is the long form of ござる?
ございます
What is the extra modest form of the helping verb ている?
ておる (u verb)
What is the extra modest form of です?
でござる
What is the long form of でござる?
でございます
Instead of わたし, what pronunciation of 私 is used with extra modest verbs?
わたくし
What is a second occasion to use extra modest expressions?
To customers
What is a humble expression?
Describing something you did out of respect for someone.
How do you make a humble expression?
お + verb stem + する
What verbs do not follow the お + verb stem + する humble expression pattern?
する compounds
How do you make a humble expression for a する compound?
Put お or ご before the verb
What is the extra humble form of もらう?
いただく
What is the extra humble form of あげる?
さしあげる
What is the difference between the extra modest and extra humble expressions?
The extra modest expressions are directed at the person you are talking to, and the humble expressions are towards a person you are describing
In an extra humble expression, how do you indicate who you are talking about?
私はperson directed to に
What is an example sentence in english of you doing something without doing something else?
I studied without getting any sleep.
How do you make a sentence that describes something you did without doing something else?
The verb of the first action is a negative short form with で added.
What is an English example of including a question in a longer sentence?
I don’t know when the test is
What form of verbs do quoted questions use?
Short forms
When would a quoted question clause end in か?
When the question begins with a question word like だれ or なに
If a quoted question does not begin with a question word, what comes at its end?
かどうか
If a な adjective is the last word in the question clause, what is done with it?
Since the な adjective is in short form, the final だ is dropped.
Within the question clause, what can the particle は be replaced with?
が
If you want to tell the name of a specific item, how would you do that?
Name という item
How do you say something is easy to do?
Add やすい to verb stem
How do you say something is difficult to do?
Add にくい to a verb stem
How can a place be described with やすい or にくい?
The place is the subject and the activity that is easy or difficult is the verb stem.
When should you not use やすい or にくい?
When describing physical rather than psychological things.
