genetics Flashcards
1
Q
Gregor Mendel
A
father of genetics
2
Q
Mendel’s theory of heredity
A
-for each trait that is expressed there are 2 units of inheritance, mom and dad
3
Q
genotype
A
alleles inherited from parents, can be homologous or heterozygous
4
Q
phenotype
A
physical expression, can be dominant or recessive
5
Q
punnet square
A
used to predict likely genotypes and phenotypes
6
Q
How many chromosomes do humans have?
A
46
7
Q
DNA
A
deoxyribonucleic acid
-double helix shaped
8
Q
James Watson and Francis Crick
A
-reference the process of DNA replication in their paper
9
Q
dna helicase
A
enzyme that unzips the DNA
10
Q
leading strand
A
grows continuosly
11
Q
DNA polymerase
A
forms new dna strands
12
Q
ligase
A
joins new DNA segments together
13
Q
Replication
A
cells are actively dividing
- semiconservative process
- end product is 2 dna double helices
14
Q
transcription
A
- begins w/ initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a promoter, this unwinds the helix and delivers new complimentary strands
- in elongation, the strands continue to grow until they reach a stop codon
15
Q
translation
A
- converts mRNA into a functional protein
- begins w/ codon recognition
- requires that the 5’ end binds to a ribosome and tRNA carries a anticodon and facilitates peptide bond formation
