cellular respiration

Question 1

What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Answer 1

oxygen + energy = CO2 + H2O+ ATP

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

• occurs in cytoplasm

- glucose is split into pyruvate

Question 3

How many ATP is needed to split glucose?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Products of glycolysis

Answer 4

2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2 pyruvate

Question 5

Pyruvate oxidation

Answer 5

process of oxidizing pyruvate for the krebs cycle

• occurs in mitochondria
• pyruvate becomes acetate

Question 6

Products of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 6

2 NADH, 2 CO2, 2 Acetyl CoA

Question 7

krebs cycle

Answer 7

• oxaloacetate becomes citric acid cycle

- 2c itric acid undergoes a series of reactions that help make 2 Co2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 for each citric acid molecule

Question 8

ETC

Answer 8

• the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 make their way through the chain
• it promotes the movement of oxidated hydrogen ions which helps make a gradient
• the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase helps make 32 ATP

Question 9

How do we get 32 ATP?

Answer 9

• each NADH makes 3 ATPS, each FADH2 makes 2 ATP
• glycolysis yields 2 NADH
• pyruvate oxid, yields 2 NADH
• krebs yields 6 NADH
• 10 NADH x 3 ATP = 30 ATP
• 2 FADH2 x 2 ATP= 4 ATP

Question 10

sexual reproduction

Answer 10

performed by multicellular organisms, 2 parents, leads to genetic variation

Question 11

asexual reproduction

Answer 11

performed by unicellular organisms, only involve one parent

Question 12

mitosis

Answer 12

• apart of cell cycle
• preceded by interphase
• type of asexual reproduction

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

G1- growth
S- replication phase
G3- prepare for division

Question 14

prophase

Answer 14

• first stage of mitosis

- replicated dna condenses into chromosomes

Question 15

metaphase

Answer 15

chromosomes align in the middle

Question 16

anaphase

Answer 16

chromosomes separate and migrate towards opposite poles

Question 17

telophase

Answer 17

nuclear envelope re-emerges

Question 18

cytokineses

Answer 18

forms a cleavage furrow

-the end product is 2 identical daughter cells

Question 19

meiosis 1

Answer 19

• form of sexual reproduction
• occurs in reproductive organs
• forms 4 gametes or daughter cells
• has two divisions

Question 20

haploid

Answer 20

cell with 1/2 the # of chromosomes

Question 21

prophase 1

Answer 21

cell undergoes synaspsis where homologous chromosomes fuse to form a tetrad and genetic crossover occurs

Question 22

metaphase 1

Answer 22

each tetrad will align in the middle