Cell Structure and photosynthesis

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

discovered cells

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cell is the basic unit of life
3. Cells come from other cells

Question 3

prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

• unicellular
• lack nucleus
• have pili for conjugation
• Domain Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

• multicellular
• have nucleus
• fungi, Protista, animalia

Question 5

smooth er

Answer 5

synthesizes lipids

Question 6

rough er

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

golgi apparatus

Answer 7

packaging

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

make ribosomes

Question 9

lysosomes

Answer 9

digestion, detox

Question 10

mitochondria

Answer 10

powerhouse, makes ATP

Question 11

chloroplasts

Answer 11

aid in photosynthesis, catch light

Question 12

photosynthesis

Answer 12

process of plants making food, products are glucose and oxygen

Question 13

autotrophs

Answer 13

make their own food

Question 14

photosystem II

Answer 14

• chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and energizes a pair of electrons
• electrons pass on ETC
• hydrogen moves from stroma to thylakoid space
• photolysis occurs and produces hydrogen ions, electrons, and an oxygen
• oxygen diffuses out of thylakoid into the environment while hydrogen helps w/ gradient

Question 15

photosystem I

Answer 15

• light energizes a pair of electrons which are accepted by NADP+ which makes NADPH for the calvin cycle
• the electrons that were lost to NADP+ are replaced by electrons from photosystem II
• the hydrogen ions move through ATP synthase and their movement aids in making ATP

Question 16

Light Dependent Reactions Summary

Answer 16

• water is split and releases oxygen while a hydrogen ion gradient is made
• this promotes the production of ATP

Question 17

Calvin Cycle

Answer 17

part of photosynthesis that converts CO2 and H2O into glucose

Question 18

Carbon fixation

Answer 18

• first stage of calvin cycle
• uses rubisco to chemically combine carbon to RUBP
• the 6 carbon compound gets split into 2 three-carbon compounds called PGA

Question 19

Reduction

Answer 19

• second stage of calvin
• ATP and NADH are consumed and convert PGA to G3P
• only 1 G3P is used for biosynthesis and the rest go to regeneration

Question 20

regeneration

Answer 20

the G3P are converted into 5 more RUBP necessary for the Calvin cycle