flashcards review

Question 1

cascade effect

Answer 1

Chemical signal molecules rapidly activate many specific enzymes

Question 2

allergy

Answer 2

Condition where the body’s immune system works too well and attacks itself

Question 3

cerebrum

Answer 3

Part of the brain that is the largest and controls higher-order functions such as interpreting touch, speech and language, reasoning, emotions, and fine motor control

Question 4

adh

Answer 4

helps maintain water and salt balance

Question 5

surfactant

Answer 5

Lining of alveolar surfaces that prevent the lungs from collapsing

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

Found beneath the cerebrum and behind the brainstem that helps coordinate body movements, posture, and balance

Question 7

buffy coat

Answer 7

Thin white layer consisting of luekocytes and platelets that splits plasm and erythrocytes in a centrifuged blood sample

Question 8

crohns disease

Answer 8

Localized inflammatory degeneration that causes the wall of the small intestine to thicken

Question 9

superior vena cava

Answer 9

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium

Question 10

large intestine

Answer 10

recycles water

Question 11

Where are the sublingual salivary glands located?

Answer 11

under the tongue

Question 12

A person seeks help from a dermatologist to reverse saggy, thin skin. What region of the skin does the dermatologist target for correction?

Answer 12

hypodermis layer

Question 13

Once the third line of defense has begun, which of the following has already occurred?

Answer 13

the patrolling macrophages missed the pathogen

Question 14

Which neuroglia produces myelin sheaths?

Answer 14

schwann cells

Question 15

What happens when the diaphragm moves down?

Answer 15

air is drawn into the lungs

Question 16

f someone needs ATP desperately and has run out of oxygen, what could help?

Answer 16

fermentation

Question 17

Which happens as a result of diastole?

Answer 17

oxygenated blood flows into the left ventricle

Question 18

In stressful situations, acetylcholine is produced. Which intercellular chemical signal is responsible for this action?

Answer 18

neuromodulator

Question 19

n what order does food pass through the parts of the small intestine?

Answer 19

duedenu, jejunum, ileum

Question 20

If a person wants to slow down the development of wrinkly skin, which of the following activities could be performed?

Answer 20

improve mitotic epidermal cell division

Question 21

Platelets are important because they

Answer 21

repair broken blood vessels

Question 22

What structure is reenergized with ATP?

Answer 22

myosin

Question 23

Which is a characteristic of the epimysium?

Answer 23

protect muscles as they rub against bones

Question 24

Where does an axon bind to release hormones in the body?

Answer 24

gland

Question 25

neuroglia are different from neurons because they

Answer 25

provide a form of protection and support

Question 26

When do vesicles contract and move to the presynaptic membrane?

Answer 26

after calcium ions flood the axon bulb

Question 27

During childbirth, muscular action in the _____ is primarily responsible for pushing the baby out of the mother’s body.

Answer 27

uterus

Question 28

Which body system plays a direct role in supplying oxygen to cells and eliminating carbon dioxide from cells?

Answer 28

cardio

Question 29

After urine flows through one sphincter at the start of the bladder, this fluid flows through the

Answer 29

second spphincter under voluntary control

Question 30

Which of the following is permeable to water when the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present?

Answer 30

collecting duct

Question 31

Which metabolic pathway generates the most ATP?

Answer 31

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 32

What is a control variable?

Answer 32

used for comparisons

Question 33

Which process is anabolic?

Answer 33

lipid synthesis

Question 34

DNA ____ during the synthesis phase in mitosis?

Answer 34

doubles in size