General pediatric medical care

Question 1

Define children age categories

Answer 1

Newborn: birth to the time the child leaves the hospital.

Infant: less than one year of age.

Child: one year of age to the onset of puberty and having reached a weight of about 100 pounds.

Question 2

What is the pneumonic for altered mental status? What does each letter stand for?

Answer 2

A: alcohol/abuse of substances
E: Ecstasy, environmental, encephalopathy, epilepsy, electrolytes, or endocrine disease.
I: infection
O: overdose, oxygen deficiency
U: underdose, uremia

T: Trauma, tumor
I: insulin
P: psychogenic, poisons
S: Stroke, shock

Question 3

What is the NS bolus recommendation?

Answer 3

10 to 20 ML/KG and repeat as needed to a max of 60 ML/KG.

Question 4

What are the initial settings for CPAP? Max settings? When is it contraindicated?

Answer 4

Initial: 5 cmH2O
Max: 10 cmH2O
Contra indication: less than 90 systolic

Question 5

Definition of pediatric hypertension?

Answer 5

anything less than: 70 + (2 x age) or less than 90, which ever is lower.

Question 6

When should a buretrol be used?

Answer 6

Any patient under the age of eight

Question 7

Why do pediatric patients tend to decompensate?

Answer 7

Respiratory failure or shock

Question 8

What are the three parts of the pediatric assessment triangle?

Answer 8

Appearance, work of breathing, and Circulation/skin