General Knowledge

Question 1

Achieved status

Answer 1

Involves a degree of choice and results partly from individual achievement. Eg, a lawyer

Question 2

Ascribed status

Answer 2

Are fixed, often given at birth and are largely unchangeable. Eg, race

Question 3

Conflict

Answer 3

Sociologists argue that opportunities to participate in society are not equally shared. Vast differences in wealth shape, fundamental aspects of peoples lives in Britain today.

Question 4

Consensus

Answer 4

When aspects of society - families, schools, religion - promote a general agreement about the things of worth in Britain today - values like tolerance, equality, freedom and cooperation.

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

The way of life of a particular society or social group

Question 6

Feral children

Answer 6

Children who have been deprived of normal human contact. Is the result of a lack of primary socialisation

Question 7

Gender socialisation

Answer 7

‘Appropriate’ types of behaviour or at least expectations on how you should behave as a male and female.

Question 8

Large scale socialisation

Answer 8

For example wars, religion or famine

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

Rules about everyday behaviour. Norms are not ‘fixed’, they’re ‘fluid’ because they constantly change

Question 10

Primary socialisation

Answer 10

Takes place during infancy, where children are taught about language and basic norms and values.

Question 11

Roles

Answer 11

A set of norms that define appropriate behaviour for those who occupy a particular status. Eg, daughter

Question 12

Role conflict

Answer 12

When the successful performance or 2 or more roles at the same time may come into conflict with one another. Eg, big and little sister.

Question 13

Sanctions

Answer 13

Good or bad things that are enforced because of norms. Example, a good sanction would be a gift.

Question 14

Secondary socialisation

Answer 14

Takes place outside the family and continues through the rest of out lives like education, social demographic.

Question 15

Small scale socialisation

Answer 15

Everyday actions like individual lifestyle habits or relationships between people

Question 16

Social control

Answer 16

The use of rewards and punishments or in other words, sanctions

Question 17

Socialisation

Answer 17

The process whereby individuals learn the culture of their society. How humans learn behaviour appropriately.

Question 18

Sociology

Answer 18

The study of human social life, groups and socialites.

Question 19

Status

Answer 19

The standing given by society to individuals

Question 20

Values

Answer 20

Ideas concerning what is good or bad

Question 21

Give an example of a value

Answer 21

• Working hard and achieving things on an individual basis
• Saying please and that you
• Having the right to criticise the government

Question 22

Give an example of a norm

Answer 22

• Wearing black to a funeral
• Eating with the correct cutlery
• Respecting other peoples opinions

Question 23

Give an example of a status

Answer 23

• Being.a queen
• Being successful
• Being a police officer

Question 24

Give an example of a role

Answer 24

• Being a mum or dad

- Being a daughter

Question 25

What is a macro theory

Answer 25

Belief in the ‘power of society over the individual’

Is structural and systematic

Question 26

What is a micro theory

Answer 26

Belief in the ‘power of the individual to direct their own actions’
We create out own social world based on our interpretations
Is interpretative and interactionist

Question 27

Define functionalism

• Does it fall under macro or micro

- Is it consensus or conflict?

Answer 27

Is a macro, consensus theory

• Sees society as a smooth running and ordered society.
• Everything and everyone works together to come to an agreement which is created because of norms and values

Question 28

What sociological theory is this? Laws of society are there to protect everyone equally

Answer 28

Functionalism

Question 29

Define marxism

• Does it fall under macro or micro

- Is it consensus or conflict?

Answer 29

Is a macro, conflict theory

• Sees society as a system based on peoples differences in class
• The rich ‘Bourgeoise’ control the poor ‘proletariat’ through ideologies like religion and values.
• The solution to Marxism is eventually revolution where the lower class try to overthrow the bourgeoisie, becoming a communist system.

Question 30

What sociological theory is this? Our present society is designed to make sure the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor

Answer 30

Marxist

Question 31

Define feminism

• Does it fall under macro or micro

- Is it consensus or conflict?

Answer 31

Is another macro, conflict theory

• Sees society as a system based on the division between men and women
• Based on gender inequality, or ‘patriarchy’ where men have more power than women

Question 32

What sociological theory is this? Marriage is based on the domination of women by men

Answer 32

Feminism

Question 33

Define social actions

- Does it fall under macro or micro

Answer 33

Is a micro theory

• Essentially another way to describe the micro theory
• Argue that individuals have the power to define their social reality themselves
• Focus on how people interact with each other, and how they negotiate meanings to different social situations

Question 34

Define interactionism

Answer 34

• Focuses on small scale interactions between people instead of society as a whole, trying to explain how things are labelled and categorised.

Question 35

What sociological theory is this? To understand drug taking we need to first examine why some individual drugs have been defined as legal, and why others haven’t

Answer 35

Interactionism